Chapter 1 Sections 1-4 Flashcards
Behavior
Is any action that people can observe or measure
Psychology
Is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
Cognitive
Are mental processes (dreams, perceptions,and memories)
Goals Of Psychology
- Explain Behavior: they observe and describe the behavior in terms of feelings and anxiety
- Predict and Control: help try to change and control their behavior
- Research: finding information
- Theories: a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way that they are and why they happen the way the happen.
Clinical Psychology
Try to change ineffective and harmful behavior
Psychiatrist
Medical doctors who can prescribe medications
Counseling Psychology
Treat people with adjustment disorders
Help clarify goals, overcome adjustment problems and meet challenges
School Psychology
Identify and help students who have problems that interfere with
learning
Educational Psychology
Focus on course planning and instructional methods for all students
Developmental Psychology
Study of changes throughout life span
Personality Pyschology
Study the characteristics that make you, you, and looks for trait development.
Social Psychology
Concerned with people’s behavior in social situations.
The study of how people interact with other people
Experimental Psychology
Explore the biological/ psychological realms for cognitive behavior
Industrial and Organizational
Improve working conditions and worker out put. Focus on people and work
Human Factors
How people will use it
How it affects daily life
Physical characteristics
Safe and comfortable to use
Community
Study and create social systems, promote individual well-being.
Example: building a shelter for homeless people
Forensic
Work with criminal justice system, identify competence of defendants
Rehabilitation
Work with patients who have a disability
Cross-Cultural
Different cultural conditions
Introspection
Learn about ourselves by examining our own thoughts and feelings.
Hippocrates
Problems caused by abnormalities in the brain
Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism (focus: discover the basic elements of consequences)
William James
Functionalism (focus: relationship between experiences and behavior)
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis (focus: the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts and understanding behavior)
John Watson
Behaviorism (focus: psychology must be limited to observable and measurable events)
BF Skinner
Reinforcement (focus: positive and negative reinforcement)
Gestalt School
Focus: our perceptions of objects are more than the sum of their parts
Biological
Biological processes influence behavior and mental processes
Evolutionary
Adaptive organisms survive and transmit their games to future generations
Cognitive
Perceptions and thoughts influence behavior
Humanistic
People make free and conscious choices based on their unique experiences
Psychoanalytic
Unconscious motives influence behavior
Learning
Personal experiences and reinforcement guide development
Sociocultural
Sociocultural, biological and psychological factors create individual differences
Biopsychosocial
Mental processes are influenced by interaction of biological, psychological and social factors
