Chapter 10- Section 3 Flashcards
Mary Ainsworth Study
Infants prefer being held or with someone
Four months infants develop specific attachments to main caregiver (usually mothers)
Attachment
Emotional ties that form between people
Stranger Anxiety
(8months) fear strangers
Separation Anxiety
(8months) act in ways of distress if mother leaves
Contact Comfort
Instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft
Harry Harlow
Put infant monkeys in cages with two mothers
- one was wire: held bottle
- other was soft terry cloth with no bottle
- monkeys clung to cloth mother
- attachment grows from bodily contact rather than feeding
Harlow and Zimmerman
Placed toys in cages with infant monkeys
- some had wire mothers and others had terry cloth mothers
- monkeys with wire mothers= cringed with fear
- monkeys with terry cloth mother= cringed but eventually explored
Imprinting
Process by which some animals from immediate attachments during a critical period
- *babies don’t imprint to first person they see! like animals do.
- *** no critical period for attachment in humans
Secure Attachment
Primary caregivers are affectionate and reliable
Bonded to caregivers
Cry or protest when caregiver leaves
Welcome caregiver back when return
Insecure Attachment
Caregivers are unresponsive or unreliable
Don’t mind when caregiver leaves
Make little or no effort to seem them out when caregiver returns
May cry when picked up (angry with caregiver)
Secure Children
Happier, friendlier and more cooperative wi parents and teachersGet along better with other children
Less likely to misbehave
More likely to do well in school
Autism
Developmental disorder that prevents children from forming proper attachment with others
- prevents social, cognitive, behavioral and physical problems
- *have difficulty processing sensory info.
- limits communication with others
Warm Parents
Show great affection for children
Show children they are happy to spend time with them
Cold Parents
May not be affectionate
Do not appear to enjoy children as much
Children of warm parents
Well adjusted
More likely to develop a conscience
Children of cold parents
More interested in escaping punishment than in doing right thing
Strict Parents
Impose many rules and supervise children closely
Permissive Parents
Impose fewer rules and watch children less closely
Less concerned about neatness and cleanliness
Authoritative Parents
Combine warmth with age appropriate rules and responsibilities
Authoritarian Parents
Believe in obedience for its own sake
Types of abuse
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Physical Abuse
Physical assault on child
Can include alcohol or drug abuse
Sexual Abuse
Sexual victimization or exploitation of a child by older child, adolescent, or adult
Neglect
Failure to give a child adequate food, shelter, clothing, emotional support or schooling
Self esteem
Value or worth that people attach to themselves
Unconditional positive regard
Parents love and accept children no matter how the behave
Conditional Positive regard
Parents show love only when children behave in certain acceptable ways
