Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tissue/Integumentary System > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is compact bone?

A

rigid connective bone tissue that appears white, smooth, and solid and makes up 80% of total bone mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is spongy bone?

A

cancellous or trabecular bone that appears porous and makes up 20 % of bone mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

compare the appearance of spongy and compact bone

A

Spongy is honeycomb-like, compact bone is solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the two types of cartilage found most prevalently in bones

A

hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define ligaments

A

dense regular connective tissue that anchors bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define tendons

A

dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the differences between ligaments and tendons?

A

tendon serves to move and ligaments help to keep structures stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the term that describes blood cell formation?

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 4 functions of bone?

A

Support and Protection
Levers for movement
Hematopoiesis
Storage of mineral and energy reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four different bone shapes?

A

Long, flat, irregular, short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function and location of hyaline cartilage?

A

helps bone move smoothly past each other.
can be found as
costal cartilage (attaches ribs to sternum)
articular cartilage( covers ends of bones)
epiphyseal plates (cartilage within growth plates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function and location of fibrocartilage?

A

resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact, and limits relative movement
pads between knee joints, pubic bones, and intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what bone shape are your vertebrae?

A

irregular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what bone shape are your ribs?

A

flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what bone shape are your skull bones?

A

flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what bone shape are your tarsal bones?

A

short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what bone shape is your tibia?

A

long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone that provides leverage and major weight support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define epiphysis

A

expanded, knobby region at each end of a long bone that resists stress (spongy bone)
helps reduce friction (articular cartilage)
and absorb shock in movable joints (articular cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the difference between proximal and distal epiphysis

A

proximal is the end of the bone closest to the body trunk and distal is the end farthest from the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 functions of the epiphysis?

A

resists stress (spongy bone)
helps reduce friction (articular cartilage)
absorbs shock in movable joints (articular cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the epiphysis made of?

A

proximal epiphysis
distal epiphysis
spongy bone
articular cartilage
compact bone

24
Q

what is the region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and epiphysis?

A

metaphysis

25
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate?

A

growth plate
a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that provides for the lengthening growth of the bone

26
Q

what is the epiphyseal line? do children have these? why or why not?

A

once a bone is done growing, the remnant of the epiphyseal plate in adults is a thin, defined area of compact bone

27
Q

what is the periosteum and what are the three functions?

A

a tough sheath that covers the outside of the bone except for the areas covered in articular cartilage
protects the bone
anchors blood vessels and nerves
serves as attachment site for ligaments and tendons

28
Q

what is endosteum?

A

very thin layer of connective tissue containing osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that covers all internal surfaces of the bone within the medullary cavity

29
Q

what and where is the diploe?

A

spongy bone interior of a flat bone of the skull

30
Q

Is bone highly vascular and innervated?

A

YES

31
Q

what is the nutrient foramen?

A

small opening in the bone where one nutrient artery enters and one nutrient vein exits

32
Q

what are the two types of bone marrow? which one is only found in adults?

A

red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) and yellow bone marrow
yellow bone marrow

33
Q

describe a bone marrow transplant. why would one need a bone marrow transplant?

A

someone who has abnormally functioning red bone marrow or RBM destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy will need a donor RBM harvested from the hip which is then injected into recipients vein where it is transported through the blood to normal locations

34
Q

what is the hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis?

A

the medullary cavity

35
Q

What is the function of a osteoprogenitor cell?

A

the stem cell, when divided, another stem cell is produced along with a committed cell that matures into an osteoblast

36
Q

what is the function of osteoblasts?

A

synthesizing and secreting osteoid

37
Q

what is the function of osteocytes?

A

maintain the bone matrix and detect mechanical stress on a bone, signal osteoblasts if stress is detected

38
Q

what is the function of osteoclasts?

A

break down bone in bone resorption

39
Q

name the most important inorganic component in the bone matrix and describe what it is commonly called. what is the function?

A

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide form crystals of hydroxyapatite.
harden the matrix and provides compressional strength to bone

40
Q

what is calcification?

A

mineralization, occurs to osteoid when hydroxyapatite deposit in and around the collagen fibers

41
Q

what two vitamins are important to calcification?

A

Vitamin D (enhances calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract)
Vitamin C ( required for collagen formation)

42
Q

what is bone resorption and when does it occur in the body?

A

process where bone matrix is destroyed by substances released from osteoclasts into the extracellular space adjacent to the bone
usually happens when blood calcium levels are low

43
Q

what are the symptoms and which bones are often affected in osteitis deformans?

A

symptoms- lower limbs bow and skull becomes thicker and enlarged
bones affected are pelvis, skull, vertebrae, femur, and tibia

44
Q

what the basic unit of mature compact bone that has a round, bull’s eye target appearance?

A

osteons

45
Q

what is trabeculae and what is the function?

A

a meshwork of crisscrossing bars and plates of small bone pieces. function is to provide great resistance to stresses applied in many directions by distributing the stress throughout the entire framework

46
Q

what is the microscopic function of hyaline cartilage in bone?

A

resilient, flexible and shock absorber

47
Q

name 2 features of hyaline cartilage in bone

A

avascular and contains no nerves

48
Q

what are chondroblasts and what are their function?

A

derived from mesenchymal cells, they produce the cartilage matrix. chondroblasts encased in the matrix they created, the cells become chondrocytes

49
Q

what are chondrocytes and what are their function?

A

from chondroblasts, occupy lacunae and help maintain matrix

50
Q

what is the perichondrium?

A

dense irregular connective tissue sheet covering hyaline cartilage

51
Q

how are perichondrium and hyaline cartilage related?

A

perichondrium covers hyaline cartilage except for avascular cartilage

52
Q

cartilage that grows in length is known as ________ growth

A
53
Q

cartilage that grows in width is known as ________ growth

A
54
Q

define osteogenesis. what is another name for it?

A
55
Q

what is Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2?

A

hydrocyapatite

Tissue/Integumentary System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions