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Chemistry > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Addition Reaction

A

a reaction in which one molecule combines with another molecule to form a larger molecule

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2
Q

Alkane

A

hydrocarbon that contains only single carbon to carbon bonds

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3
Q

Alkene

A

hydrocarbon with at least one double carbon to carbon bond

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4
Q

Carbon chain

A

linear set of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon

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5
Q

Homologous series

A

series of hydrocarbons that have a similar chemical structure and chemical properties

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6
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

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7
Q

Organic compounds

A

compounds consisting of carbon atoms most commonly covalently bonded to hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus or oxygen atoms

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8
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon possessing only single bonds between carbon atoms

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9
Q

Substitution reaction

A

one atom or group of atoms replacing a part of another molecule

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10
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon possessing at least one double bond between carbon atoms

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11
Q

Alkyl group

A

a side-chain attached to the parent carbon chain, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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12
Q

Nomenclature

A

system developed in order to identify organic compounds

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13
Q

Parent chain

A

longest continuous chain of carbon-carbon bonds

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14
Q

Parent name

A

component of systematic name that refers to the length of the parent chain

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15
Q

Structural isomers

A

isomers that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged in a different spatial arrangement

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16
Q

Systematic name

A

standardised name used to identify organic compounds

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17
Q

Alcohol

A

organic compound that has a hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to a carbon atom in a parent chain

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18
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

organic compound that contains a carboxyl functional group (-COOH)

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18
Q

Carboxyl group

A

functional group that has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group

19
Q

Functional group

A

specific groups of atoms within a compound that affect the properties of the compound

20
Q

Haloalkane

A

organic compound that has one or more halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in the carbon chain

21
Q

Halogen

A

element in group 17 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine)

22
Q

Hydroxyl group

A

functional group consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH)

23
Q

Biomass

A

any organic material made of plant or animal matter

24
Q

Crude oil

A

mixture of differently sized hydrocarbons found in underground deposits and used as a resource

25
Q

Ecosystem

A

community of life forms interacting with their environment

26
Q

Fossil fuel

A

hydrocarbon-containing material formed in the Earth’s crust from plant and animal remains

27
Q

Non-renewable

A

unable to be naturally replenished

28
Q

Organic chemical

A

any compound that contains carbon-carbon and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds

29
Q

Petrochemical

A

derived from crude oil

30
Q

Renewable

A

comes from sources that naturally renew themselves at a rate that allows them not to become depleted

31
Q

Sustainable

A

can be produced at a rate that is greater than consumption without compromising future generations

32
Q

Synthesise

A

produce a chemical through reaction with other compounds

33
Q

Synthetic

A

produced artificially by humans using chemical reactions

34
Q

Adhesivity

A

property of being sticky

35
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

phenomenon of increasing contaminant concentration in an organism over time

36
Q

Biomagnification

A

phenomenon of higher contaminant concentration in organisms higher in the food chain

37
Q

Carcinogenic

A

having the potential to cause cancer

38
Q

Food chain

A

a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food

39
Q

Inertness

A

property of being unreactive

40
Q

Inhalant

A

chemical whose vapours can be concentrated and breathed in to produce intoxication, contrary to its intended usage

41
Q

Microbeads

A

manufactured microplastics less than 1mm in length used in exfoliating products and toothpastes

42
Q

Microplastics

A

polluting fragments of plastic less than 5mm in length

43
Q

Ozone layer

A

layer within stratosphere with high concentration of ozone (O3) that absorbs UV radiation

44
Q

Solvent

A

substance that dissolves another substance

45
Q

Stratosphere

A

layer of earth’s atmosphere 20-50 km above sea level

Chemistry (17 decks)

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