Chapter 3

Question 1

Cation

Answer 1

positive ion formed when an atom loses its valence electrons

Question 2

Crystal lattice (metallic)

Answer 2

atoms of one type of metal element that are metallically bonded and organised in a pattern

Question 3

Ductility

Answer 3

ability to be hammered or stretched into a thin shape without breaking

Question 4

Electrical conductivity

Answer 4

ability to allow an electric current flow through

Question 5

Electrostatic force of attraction

Answer 5

attraction between opposite charges

Question 6

Heat conductivity

Answer 6

ability to allow heat to pass through

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

Shiny and glossy appearance

Question 8

Malleability

Answer 8

ability to deform under force without breaking

Question 9

Metallic bonding

Answer 9

the electrostatic force of attraction between pairs of delocalised electrons and cations in a metallic lattice structure

Question 10

Ore

Answer 10

deposit in Earth’s outermost layer containing metals and other minerals

Question 11

Sea of delocalised ions

Answer 11

electrons that freely move between metal cations in the metallic bonding model

Question 12

Corrosion

Answer 12

occurs when some metals react with gases in the atmosphere (mainly oxygen)

Question 13

Hydrogen pop test

Answer 13

test used to indicate a reaction between a metal and an acid

Question 14

Metal oxide

Answer 14

formed as a result of a reaction between a metallic element and oxygen

Question 15

Oxidation

Answer 15

chemical reaction where a chemical species loses electrons

Question 16

Qualitative

Answer 16

describes non-numerical (descriptive) data collected based on observations taken during an experiment

Question 17

Atom economy

Answer 17

mass of desired products divided by mass of all reactants given as a percentage conversion

Question 18

Circular economy

Answer 18

a continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials

Question 19

Green chemistry

Answer 19

principles aimed at reducing the chemical-related impact on both humans and the environment through dedicated sustainability management programs

Question 20

Life cycle

Answer 20

the management of the production and processing, storage, transportation, use, and disposal of a chemical product

Question 21

Recycle

Answer 21

convert a waste product into a reusable product

Question 22

Renewable resources

Answer 22

comes from sources that naturally renew themselves at a rate that allows them not to become depleted

Question 23

Sustainable

Answer 23

can be produced at a rate that is greater than consumption without compromising future generations