Chapter 7

Question 1

How do we form impressions of others?

Answer 1

physical appearance, verbal behavior, actions, nonverbal messages, situational cues

Question 2

What are attributions?

Answer 2

inferences drawn about the causes of one’s behavior and life events

Question 3

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 3

the tendency to seek information that supports one’s beliefs

Question 4

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 4

when expectations about a person cause them to behave in ways that confirm that expectation

Question 5

What are snap judgements?

Answer 5

Quick judgements where accuracy is not a priority

Question 6

What are systematic judgements?

Answer 6

thought-out judgements where accuracy is a priority and attributions are assessed.

Question 7

What is social categorization?

Answer 7

assigning a person to a category based on physical appearances

Question 8

What is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 8

the tendency to explain other people’s behavior as a result of personal factors instead of situational factors

Question 9

What are stereotypes?

Answer 9

widely held beliefs that people hold certain characteristics because of their group affiliation

Question 10

What is Prejudice?

Answer 10

feelings about groups or individuals based on group membership

Question 11

What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 11

positive attitudes towards one’s own group

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

negative behaviors toward individuals based on group membership

Question 13

Racism overtime

Answer 13

went from obvious deviant acts to seeing equality as an abstract subject and opposing programs designed to promote equality

Question 14

What are causes of prejudice?

Answer 14

cognitive distortions and expectations

Question 15

How do we reduce prejudice?

Answer 15

Education from the source, empathy, and by focusing on the similarities

Question 16

What is a source?

Answer 16

the sender of the message

Question 17

What is a message?

Answer 17

the information transmitted

Question 18

What is a receiver?

Answer 18

the consumer of the information

Question 19

What is conformity?

Answer 19

occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure

Question 20

What is compliance?

Answer 20

occurs when people yield to social pressure in public, but private beliefs do not change

Question 21

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 21

People tend to be less likely to provide help when others are present in the situation

Question 22

Foot-In-Door technique

Answer 22

asking for a small request first will likely lead to larger requests being accepted later

Question 23

Door-In-Face Technique

Answer 23

making a large request that will likely be turned down before making the real request

Question 24

Low-Balling Technique

Answer 24

getting commitment to something appealing before revealing the hidden costs

Question 25

What is the reciprocity principle?

Answer 25

The widely known “rule” that one should pay back kind gestures with equal kindness

Question 26

What is the scarcity principle?

Answer 26

Making availability seem low, people only want more what they can’t have