Chapter 7 Flashcards
How do we form impressions of others?
physical appearance, verbal behavior, actions, nonverbal messages, situational cues
What are attributions?
inferences drawn about the causes of one’s behavior and life events
What is confirmation bias?
the tendency to seek information that supports one’s beliefs
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
when expectations about a person cause them to behave in ways that confirm that expectation
What are snap judgements?
Quick judgements where accuracy is not a priority
What are systematic judgements?
thought-out judgements where accuracy is a priority and attributions are assessed.
What is social categorization?
assigning a person to a category based on physical appearances
What is fundamental attribution error?
the tendency to explain other people’s behavior as a result of personal factors instead of situational factors
What are stereotypes?
widely held beliefs that people hold certain characteristics because of their group affiliation
What is Prejudice?
feelings about groups or individuals based on group membership
What is Ethnocentrism?
positive attitudes towards one’s own group
Discrimination
negative behaviors toward individuals based on group membership
Racism overtime
went from obvious deviant acts to seeing equality as an abstract subject and opposing programs designed to promote equality
What are causes of prejudice?
cognitive distortions and expectations
How do we reduce prejudice?
Education from the source, empathy, and by focusing on the similarities
What is a source?
the sender of the message
What is a message?
the information transmitted
What is a receiver?
the consumer of the information
What is conformity?
occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure
What is compliance?
occurs when people yield to social pressure in public, but private beliefs do not change
What is the bystander effect?
People tend to be less likely to provide help when others are present in the situation
Foot-In-Door technique
asking for a small request first will likely lead to larger requests being accepted later
Door-In-Face Technique
making a large request that will likely be turned down before making the real request
Low-Balling Technique
getting commitment to something appealing before revealing the hidden costs
What is the reciprocity principle?
The widely known “rule” that one should pay back kind gestures with equal kindness
What is the scarcity principle?
Making availability seem low, people only want more what they can’t have
