Chapter 7

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

the process of detecting the presence of stimuli

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

the higher-order process of integrating,recognizing and interpreting complete patterns of sensations

Question 3

Tympanic membrane

Answer 3

the eardrum
sound waves travel form the outer ear down the auditory canal and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate

Question 4

Ossicles

Answer 4

the small bones of the middle ear
the malleus (the hammer)
the incus (the anvil)
and the stapes (the stirrup)

Question 5

Oval window

Answer 5

membrane
the vibrations of the stapes trigger vibrations of the membrane called the oval window

Question 6

Cochlea

Answer 6

long,coiled tube with an internal structure running almost to its tip
oval window transfers the vibrations to the fluid of the cochlea

Question 7

Organ of corti

Answer 7

internal structure is the auditory receptor organ
the organ of corti is composed of several membranes (basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane)

Question 8

Hair cells

Answer 8

the auditory receptors
basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane rests on the hair cells

Question 9

Auditory nerve

Answer 9

a branch of cranial nerve VIII ( the auditory-vestibular nerve)

Question 10

Semicircular Canals

Answer 10

the receptive organs of the vestibular system

Question 11

Vestibular system

Answer 11

carries information about the direction and intensity of head movements, which helps us maintain our balance

Question 12

Cochlear Nuclei

Answer 12

The axon of each auditory nerve synapse in the ipsilateral cochlear nuclei, from which many projections lead to the superior olives on both sides of the brain stem at the same level

Question 13

Superior olives

Answer 13

on both sides of the brain stem at the same level

a collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system.

Question 14

Lateral lemniscus

Answer 14

the axons of the olivary neurons project via the lateral lemniscus

in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei

Question 15

inferior colliculus

Answer 15

sound localization, frequency determination, and integration of auditory with nonauditory systems.

Question 16

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

Answer 16

the relay nucleus of the auditory pathway.

Question 17

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 17

area of cortex in the temporal lobes that is involved in processing auditory information.

receives the majority of its input from the medial geniculate nucleus, is located in the tempral lobe

Primate primary auditory cortex comprises three adjacent areas

Question 18

Astereognosia

Answer 18

Inability to recognize the form of objects by touch without visual input

Question 19

Rubber hand illusion

Answer 19

the combination of visual and tactile signals strongly influences the subjective experience of body ownership

Question 20

Anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 20

front-most portion of the cingulate cortex

Question 21

PAG

Answer 21

has anaglesic (pain-blocking) effects

Question 22

Raphe nuceli

Answer 22

responsible for the release of serotonin to other parts of the brain.

Question 23

olfaction

Answer 23

smell

Question 24

gustation

Answer 24

taste

Question 25

olfactory receptors

Answer 25

where they synapse on neurons that project via the olfactory tracts to the brain