Chapter 7 Flashcards
Sensation
the process of detecting the presence of stimuli
Perception
the higher-order process of integrating,recognizing and interpreting complete patterns of sensations
Tympanic membrane
the eardrum
sound waves travel form the outer ear down the auditory canal and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate
Ossicles
the small bones of the middle ear
the malleus (the hammer)
the incus (the anvil)
and the stapes (the stirrup)
Oval window
membrane
the vibrations of the stapes trigger vibrations of the membrane called the oval window
Cochlea
long,coiled tube with an internal structure running almost to its tip
oval window transfers the vibrations to the fluid of the cochlea
Organ of corti
internal structure is the auditory receptor organ
the organ of corti is composed of several membranes (basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane)
Hair cells
the auditory receptors
basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane rests on the hair cells
Auditory nerve
a branch of cranial nerve VIII ( the auditory-vestibular nerve)
Semicircular Canals
the receptive organs of the vestibular system
Vestibular system
carries information about the direction and intensity of head movements, which helps us maintain our balance
Cochlear Nuclei
The axon of each auditory nerve synapse in the ipsilateral cochlear nuclei, from which many projections lead to the superior olives on both sides of the brain stem at the same level
Superior olives
on both sides of the brain stem at the same level
a collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system.
Lateral lemniscus
the axons of the olivary neurons project via the lateral lemniscus
in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei
inferior colliculus
sound localization, frequency determination, and integration of auditory with nonauditory systems.
medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus
the relay nucleus of the auditory pathway.
Primary auditory cortex
area of cortex in the temporal lobes that is involved in processing auditory information.
receives the majority of its input from the medial geniculate nucleus, is located in the tempral lobe
Primate primary auditory cortex comprises three adjacent areas
Astereognosia
Inability to recognize the form of objects by touch without visual input
Rubber hand illusion
the combination of visual and tactile signals strongly influences the subjective experience of body ownership
Anterior cingulate cortex
front-most portion of the cingulate cortex
PAG
has anaglesic (pain-blocking) effects
Raphe nuceli
responsible for the release of serotonin to other parts of the brain.
olfaction
smell
gustation
taste
olfactory receptors
where they synapse on neurons that project via the olfactory tracts to the brain
