Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Quantum Numbers - n

A

Name: Principal

Character: Shell (distance from the nucleus), determines energy, higher the n the higher the energy

Value: (1…infinity)

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2
Q

Quantum Numbers - L

A

Name: Azimuthal

Character: Subshell (type of orbitals)

Value: (1-n)
L=0 (s)
L=1( p)
L=2 (d)
L=3 (f)
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3
Q

Quantum Numbers - mL

A

Name: Magnetic

Character: Orbital’s orientation

Value: (-L-+L), range

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4
Q

Quantum Numbers - ms

A

Name: Spin

Character: Up/Down

Value: +½ or -½

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5
Q

L=0

A

s

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6
Q

L=1

A

p

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7
Q

L=2

A

d

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8
Q

L=3

A

f

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9
Q

Orbital is a

A

box

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10
Q

S has how many orbitals

A

S has 1 orbitals=2 e

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11
Q

P has how many orbitals

A

P has 3 orbitals=6 e

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12
Q

D has how many orbitals

A

D has 5 orbitals=10 e

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13
Q

F has how many orbitals

A

F has 7 orbitals=14 e

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14
Q

Valence is the

A

outermost

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15
Q

Core electrons

A

inner shell

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16
Q

Electron Configuration:

What is the name of the atom that has a 1s^22s^22p^4 ground-state electron configuration?

A

Oxygen

  • 1s 2p
  • 2s 2p
  • 3s 3p
  • 4s 3d 4p
  • 5s 4d 5p
  • 6s 5p 6p
  • 7s 6d
  • 4f 5f
17
Q

Aufbau

A

Electrons fill the lowest orbital first

18
Q

Hund’s rule

A

Electrons singly occupied orbitals first

19
Q

Pauli exclusion

A

Each orbital can’t have more than 2 electrons, also it can’t have the same 4 quantum numbers

20
Q

Heisenberg

A

Subatomic particle’s position and momentum cannot be determined accurately at the same time

21
Q

Paramagnetic

A

UNPAIRED e (odd/even # of e)

Attracted to magnets

Ex: O2

22
Q

Diamagnetic

A

PAIRED e (even # e)

Repelled by magnets

Ex: N2

23
Q

Atomic radius (size):

A

Increase as you move down and left

Atoms get larger as you down and to the left because of higher energy n shell=larger size
Include noble gases

24
Q

Size of ions (exact same element):

A

Anions> neutrals>cations

Isoelectronic series of ions: different elements with the same total number of e.

25
Ionization Energy (IE):
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom Increase as you move up and to the right Because the smaller atoms are, the closer their electrons are to their nuclei and protons Includes noble gases Exceptions: N>O & Be>B
26
Electronegativity (EN):
An atoms’ tendency to attract electrons to itself Increases as you move up and to the right Doesn’t include noble gases
27
Electron Affinity (EA):
The energy is given off (produced) when an atom gains/accepts an e Increase as you move up and to the right Exceptions: N & Be=0 Doesn’t include noble gases
28
Metallic character
Increases going to the LEFT and DOWN
29
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: | Copper Cu
Ar 3d10 4s1
30
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: | Silver Ag
Kr 4d10 5s1
31
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: | Gold Au
Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1
32
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: Palladium Pd
Kr 4d10
33
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: | Chromium Cr
Ar 3d5 4s1
34
Exceptions in EC in Transition metals: | Molybdenum Mo
Kr 4d5 5s1
35
Orbital shapes: | S
Sphere
36
Orbital shapes: | P
dumbbell
37
Orbital shapes: | d
four-leaf donut/dumbbell
38
Orbital shapes: | f
tetrahedral