Chapter 7

Question 1

Quantum Numbers - n

Answer 1

Name: Principal

Character: Shell (distance from the nucleus), determines energy, higher the n the higher the energy

Value: (1…infinity)

Question 2

Quantum Numbers - L

Answer 2

Name: Azimuthal

Character: Subshell (type of orbitals)

Value: (1-n)
L=0 (s)
L=1( p)
L=2 (d)
L=3 (f)

Question 3

Quantum Numbers - mL

Answer 3

Name: Magnetic

Character: Orbital’s orientation

Value: (-L-+L), range

Question 4

Quantum Numbers - ms

Answer 4

Name: Spin

Character: Up/Down

Value: +½ or -½

Question 5

L=0

Answer 5

s

Question 6

L=1

Answer 6

p

Question 7

L=2

Answer 7

d

Question 8

L=3

Answer 8

f

Question 9

Orbital is a

Answer 9

box

Question 10

S has how many orbitals

Answer 10

S has 1 orbitals=2 e

Question 11

P has how many orbitals

Answer 11

P has 3 orbitals=6 e

Question 12

D has how many orbitals

Answer 12

D has 5 orbitals=10 e

Question 13

F has how many orbitals

Answer 13

F has 7 orbitals=14 e

Question 14

Valence is the

Answer 14

outermost

Question 15

Core electrons

Answer 15

inner shell

Question 16

Electron Configuration:

What is the name of the atom that has a 1s^22s^22p^4 ground-state electron configuration?

Answer 16

Oxygen

• 1s 2p
• 2s 2p
• 3s 3p
• 4s 3d 4p
• 5s 4d 5p
• 6s 5p 6p
• 7s 6d
• 4f 5f

Question 17

Aufbau

Answer 17

Electrons fill the lowest orbital first

Question 18

Hund’s rule

Answer 18

Electrons singly occupied orbitals first

Question 19

Pauli exclusion

Answer 19

Each orbital can’t have more than 2 electrons, also it can’t have the same 4 quantum numbers

Question 20

Heisenberg

Answer 20

Subatomic particle’s position and momentum cannot be determined accurately at the same time

Question 21

Paramagnetic

Answer 21

UNPAIRED e (odd/even # of e)

Attracted to magnets

Ex: O2

Question 22

Diamagnetic

Answer 22

PAIRED e (even # e)

Repelled by magnets

Ex: N2

Question 23

Atomic radius (size):

Answer 23

Increase as you move down and left

Atoms get larger as you down and to the left because of higher energy n shell=larger size
Include noble gases

Question 24

Size of ions (exact same element):

Answer 24

Anions> neutrals>cations

Isoelectronic series of ions: different elements with the same total number of e.

Question 25

Ionization Energy (IE):

Answer 25

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Increase as you move up and to the right

Because the smaller atoms are, the closer their electrons are to their nuclei and protons

Includes noble gases

Exceptions: N>O & Be>B

Question 26

Electronegativity (EN):

Answer 26

An atoms’ tendency to attract electrons to itself

Increases as you move up and to the right

Doesn’t include noble gases

Question 27

Electron Affinity (EA):

Answer 27

The energy is given off (produced) when an atom gains/accepts an e

Increase as you move up and to the right

Exceptions: N & Be=0

Doesn’t include noble gases

Question 28

Metallic character

Answer 28

Increases going to the LEFT and DOWN

Question 29

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Copper Cu

Answer 29

Ar 3d10 4s1

Question 30

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Silver Ag

Answer 30

Kr 4d10 5s1

Question 31

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Gold Au

Answer 31

Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1

Question 32

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Palladium Pd

Answer 32

Kr 4d10

Question 33

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Chromium Cr

Answer 33

Ar 3d5 4s1

Question 34

Exceptions in EC in Transition metals:

Molybdenum Mo

Answer 34

Kr 4d5 5s1

Question 35

Orbital shapes:

S

Answer 35

Sphere

Question 36

Orbital shapes:

P

Answer 36

dumbbell

Question 37

Orbital shapes:

d

Answer 37

four-leaf donut/dumbbell

Question 38

Orbital shapes:

f

Answer 38

tetrahedral