Chapter 6C

Question 1

HEURISTICS

Answer 1

information processing strategies or ‘mental shortcuts’ that enable an individuals to form judgements, make decisions, solve problems quickly and efficiently. influences decision making and problem solving.

Question 2

positive influences of heuristics

Answer 2

-save time making decisions and solving problems
-sometimes result in accurate decision making and efficient problem solving
-can be adaptive and protect individual from dangerous situations

Question 3

negative influences of heuristics

Answer 3

-quick decisions prone to error
-base-rate fallacy

Question 4

base-rate fallacy

Answer 4

type of bias-not heuristic- results from use of some heuristics. decisions, social perceptions, judgements are influenced by vivid memories and experiences than facts.

Question 5

types of Heuristics:

Answer 5

Anchoring, availability, representative, affect

Question 6

ANCHORING (ADJUSTMENT) heuristic

Answer 6

forming judgements based on first info received about idea or concept.
decision making: biased towards initial presented value or idea
problem-solving: initial presented info or idea provide guidance on where to start.

Question 7

AVAILABILITY heuristic

Answer 7

individuals base decisions and judgements on info readily available to them. info may be from memories, past, present knowledge.
involves base-rate fallacy

Question 8

REPRESENTATIVE heuristic

Answer 8

making a categorical judgement based on similarity to other things in that category.
base-rate fallacy may occur

Question 9

AFFECT heuristic

Answer 9

using emotions to make a judgement or decision