Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AGRI 51 > chapter 6a > Flashcards

chapter 6a Flashcards

1
Q

habitat of many numerous organisms

A

soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

source of carbon, energy, and nutrients for most organisms

A

organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

numbers, kinds, and activities of these organisms are influenced by

A
  • OM in soil
  • amount and kind of organic materials applied
  • soil texture
  • pH
  • aeration
  • salinity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

zone of soil surrounding a plant root where the __ and __ of the soil are influenced by the root.

A

rhizosphere
biology
chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

size of rhizosphere
edge

A

1 mm
no distinct edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

shows the relationship among organisms and are constructed directly from comparisons of informational macro-molecules, rRNA

A

phylogenetic tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cocci

A

spherical cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spirilla

A

twisted or spiral shaped rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

actinomycetes

A

slender, branching filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

obligate aerobes

A

obtain energy exclusively by aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

grow in anaerobic conditions, obtain energy through fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

can grow in presence or absence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes

A

grows under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bacteria on trophic level

A

decomposers, 2nd level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bacteria can rapidly metabolize

A

sugars
starch
simple proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bacteria decompose on slowly manner

A

lignin
waxes
oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

habitat: most bacteria are

A

mesophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mesophiles

A

grow optimally at temp. bet. 15-35 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thermophiles

A

in excess of 40-50 C (even at 100 C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acidophiles

A

low pH environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

alkalophic

A

high pH environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

halophiles

A

high salt concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

xerophiles

A

dry habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

form symbiotic associations with the roots of legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

form symbiotic associations with the roots of legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nitrifying bacteria

A

change ammonium to nitrite then to nitrate

27
Q

denitrifying bacteria

A

convert nitrate to nitrogen or nitrous oxide

28
Q

denitrifiers are

A

anaerobic

29
Q

actinomycetes

A

special group of soil bacteria
resemble miniature fungus but aren’t fungus
have aerial mycelium, smaller than that of fungi
may produce asexual spores, powdery appearance
slow-growing organisms
produce antibiotics

30
Q

asexual spores

A

conidia

31
Q

actinomycetes are sensitive to

A

low pH, decrease at 6, disappear at 5

32
Q

examples of important antibiotics

A

streptomycin, neomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline

33
Q

fungi

A

most abundant organism in soil- mass basis
don’t contain chlorophyll
plant-like bc they have cell walls
non-motile
reproduced by means of spores

34
Q

hyphae

A

long threads or strands

35
Q

decomposers

A

saprphytic fungi: convert dead organisms into fungal biomass, carbon dioxide, organic acid

36
Q

mutualists

A

mycorrhizal fungi: colonize plant roots

37
Q

ectomycorrhizae

A

grows on surface layers of soil

38
Q

endomycorrhizae

A

grows within root cells

39
Q

pathogens

A

disease-causing, verticullum & phytium

40
Q

mycorrhiza and agri

A

forms symbiotic relationship with plant roots
it links root cells to soil particles

41
Q

vegetative body of fungus

A

thallus

42
Q

chytrid cells

A

solitary globose cells with or without root-like filaments, “rhizoids”

43
Q

yeast cells

A

spherical to ovoid cells
divide by budding

44
Q

mycelia

A

filamentous network of hyphae that branch and grow only by atypical extension

45
Q

protozoa

A

unicellular, eukaryotic organisms which represents a group in which mitosis and meiosis became established

46
Q

flagellates

A

smallest member of protozoa

47
Q

chlorophyll bearing

A

phytomastigophorea

48
Q

non-chlorophyll bearing

A

zoomastigophores

49
Q

amoeba

A

can move through protoplasmic flow, extensions called “pseduopodia”

50
Q

ciliates

A

move by beating short, numerous cilia on the surface of their bodies

51
Q

nematodes

A

multicellular, eukaryotic, non-segmented roundworms
float in fluid-filled cavity
do not have respiratory, endocrine, ciculatory

52
Q

classification of nematodes

A

bacterial feeders
fungal feeders
predatory nematodes: eat nema and protozoa
omnivores: eat variety of organisms

53
Q

what do nematodes do?

A

nutrient cycling
grazing
disperse microbes
food source
disease suppression and development

54
Q

earthworms

A

tube-shaped segmented animal
major decomposers of dead and decomposing OM
derive their nutrition on fungi and bacteria on the OM

55
Q

functions of earthworms

A

stimulate microbial activity
mix and aggregate the soil
increase soil porosity
increase water-holding capacity
provide channels for root-growth
bury and shred plant residue

56
Q

arthropods

A

invertebrate and exoskeleton, segmented body and jointed appendages

57
Q

classification of arthropods

A

shredders
predators
herbivore
fungal feeders

58
Q

shredders

A

chew up on dead plant matter as they eat bacteria and fungi on the surface of plant
ex: millipede

59
Q

predator

A

feed on other animals
ex: spider, beetle, centipede

60
Q

herbivore

A

root-feeding insects
ex: cicadas, mole-crickets

61
Q

fungal feeders

A

feed on fungi
ex: mites, silverfish

62
Q

functions of arthropods

A

shred OM
stimulate microbial activity
mix microbes with their food
mineralize plant nutrients
enhance soil aggregation
burrow
control pests

63
Q

virus particles

A

virions

64
Q

classification of viruses

A

bacterial virus
fungal virus
plant virus
insect virus
animal virus

AGRI 51 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions