Chapter 6.1 Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

General formula for Alkane?
Allene ?
Halogenoalkane ?
(3)

Answer 1

• Alkane : CnH2n+2
• Alkane : CnH2n
• Halogenoalkane : CnH2n+1X

Question 2

What’s a structural isomer ?

2

Answer 2

• compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula .

Question 3

What are the three types of structural isomer ?

3

Answer 3

• chain isomers (different chain of C atoms)
• Position isomers (different position of the same functional group )
• Functional group (different functional groups )

Question 4

What is the molecular formula ?

2

Answer 4

• Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

- C4H10

Question 5

What’s the Stuctural formula ?

2

Answer 5

Arrangements of atoms carbon by carbon with the attached functional groups

CH3CH2CH2CH3

Question 6

What’s the skeletal formula ?

2

Answer 6

• shows bonds of CARBON SKELETON ONLY .

Zig zag

Question 7

What’s a displayed formula ?

2

Answer 7

-shows how all atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them !

Question 8

Prefixes or suffixes:

• branches Alkanes
• aldehydes
• ketones

(3)

Answer 8

• branches alkanes = alkyl methylpropane
• aldehyde - Al ( Ethanal)
• ketone - one ( propanone )

Question 9

What’s an addition reaction ?

2

Answer 9

• joins two or molecules together to form a larger molecule

Question 10

What’s a polymerisation reaction ?

2

Answer 10

-joining together lots of simple monomers & simple molecules to form one giant molecule !

Question 11

What’s an elimination reaction ?

2

Answer 11

• when a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule

Question 12

What’s a substitution reaction ?

2

Answer 12

-when one species is replaced by another

Question 13

What’s a hydrolysis reaction ?

2

Answer 13

• splitting a molecule into 2 new molecules by adding H+ and OH- derives from water .

Question 14

What’s an oxidation reaction ? ( electrons )

1

Answer 14

• oxidation is LOSS of electrons

Question 15

What’s a reduction reaction ?

1

Answer 15

• any reaction in which species gains electrons

Question 16

What’s a nucleophile ?

1

Answer 16

• electron pair DONORS

Question 17

What’s a free radical substitution ? 
(3)
-made ...?
-to make...?
-attracted to ....?

Answer 17

• halogens in alkanes to make halogenoalkanes:
  Requires UV LIGHT
  FREE RADICALS …
• attracted to polar delta negative Carbon Halogen bond

Question 18

What’s an electrophile?
(3)
- what kind of ions are they ?
-attracted to ….?

Answer 18

• electron pair ACCEPTORS
• POSITIVELY CHARGES IONS
• attracted to C=C bonds

Question 19

When is electrophillic addition used?

3

Answer 19

• addition of halogens and hydrogen halides to ALKENES to make HALOGENOALKANES

Question 20

When do nucleophilic substitutions happen ?
(3)
- what did they make ?

Answer 20

• primary halogenoalkane + aqueous potassium hydroxide to make ALCOHOLS
  primary halogenoalkanes + ammonia= AMINE

Question 21

What’s a radical ?

3
- how is it made
- reactivity !

Answer 21

Species with impaired electron produces by UV LIGHT

- VERY REACTIVE !

Question 22

whats an homologous series ?

2

Answer 22

In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, usually varying by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain

Question 23

whats a functional group ?

1

Answer 23

a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.

Question 24

whats a polymerisation reaction ?

2

Answer 24

polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains

Question 25

whats stereoisomerism ? | 2

Answer 25

Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer.