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AS CHEMISTRY > Chapter 2 - Bonding And Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Bonding And Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s ionic bonding
(2)
Between ?

A

Ionic bonding is - electrostatic attraction between OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS
-non metal & metal

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2
Q

What makes an ionic bond stronger ?

2

A
  • increase in charge

- short radius

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3
Q

Trends in ionic radius as you go down
-charge
-charge density
(3)

A
  • RADIUS INCREASES
  • charge is the same
  • charge density decreases
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4
Q

What is a covalent bond ?

3

A
  • electrostatic attraction
  • between 2 nuclei
  • shared PAIR of electrons between them
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5
Q

What the structure of a metal ?

A
  • Giant lattice
  • positive ions
  • delocalised
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6
Q

What’s the bonding in a metal ?

2

A
  • ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION between positively charged ions and seas of delocalised electrons
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7
Q

What’s causes short bond length and greater bond strength ?

4

A
  • shorter BOND LENGTH = stronger
    Triple =storter and stronger
    -greater electron density
    -greater force of attraction to nucleus from bonding pair of electrons
    =shorter bond length hence stronger bond strength
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8
Q

How are shapes of molecules decided ?

3

A
  • repulsion between electron pairs
    : minimum repulsion
    -maximum distance away from each other
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9
Q

What’s electronegativity ?

2

A
  • ability for an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond towards itself
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10
Q

How do you know if something is polar ?

2

A

Electronegativity difference is MORE THAN 0.4

X>0.4

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11
Q

Which intermolecular force is effected by the electronegativity ?
(2)

A

-PERMANENT DIPOLE DIPOLE

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12
Q

How can a molecule with polar bonds be non -polar?

2

A
  • they cancel out due to symmetrical shape
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13
Q

What are the three intermolecular forces ?

3

A
  • vdw
  • permanent dipole dipole
  • Hydrogen bonds
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14
Q

What are vdw forces ?
What effects it ?
(4)

A
  • forces between electrons
  • more electrons increase vdw
  • long straight alkanes = more London forces (large SA in CONTACT WITH MOLECULE)
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15
Q

Permanent dipole dipole definition. ???

1

A

-intermolecular force between polar substances

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16
Q

Hydrogen bonding ?

3

A
  • H bonds to FON

- hydrogen bond between H and lone pair FON

17
Q

What’s the shape of a molecule with 4BP ?
Angle
(2)

A

Tetrahedral = 109.5

18
Q

What’s the shape of a molecules with 3BP and 1LP ?

2

A
  • Trigonal pyramidal

- 107

19
Q

Shape 2BP 2LP ANGLE ?

2

A
  • 104.5 - bent line
20
Q

Shape of molecule with 2BP

2

A

180
Linear
CO2

21
Q

Shape of molecule with 3BP ?

2

A

90- 120 = trigonal planar

22
Q

Shape of molecule with 5BP ?

2

A
  • 90/120

Trigonal bipyrimidal

23
Q

Shape of molecule with 6BP?

2

A

-Octahedral

90/90

24
Q

What is the order of repulsion on shapes of molecules ?

2

A
  • lp-lp> lp-Bp>Bp-bp

Lone pairs repell each other MOST
And bonding pairs repel each other LEAST!

25
Q

Where are ionic lattices present ?

3

A
  • giant ionic lattices
  • covalently bonded solids = giant covalent lattice
  • solid metals (giant metallic lattices )
26
Q

What are the difference carbon allotropes ?

3

A
  • graphite
  • diamond
  • graphene
27
Q

Structure of graphene ?

4

A
  • vdw forces
  • hexagons 2D
  • each carbon = covalent bond to 3 Carbons
  • graphene = one atom thick : one sheet = single molecule
28
Q

What’s the structure and bonding of graphite ?

4

A
  • giant covalent
  • C joined to 3 other carbons
  • 3D
  • layers have weak forces between them
  • 1 non bonded outer electron = delocalised
29
Q

Structure and bonding of diamond ?

3

A
  • giant covalent structure
  • Regular lattice
  • no free electrons as C-4Carbons
30
Q 
Name the properties and uses of 
A) diamond 
B) Graphite 
C) graphene 
(6)
A

A) cutting tools , oil rig drills = very strong

b) conducts electricity ( electrodes in electrolysis ) & layers can slide = graphite = slippery so its a nice lubricant

C) lightweight , thin and strong and conducts electricity
Microelectronics & biomedicine & chemical sensors

31
Q

what forces hold layers of graphene together ? 1

A

-van derr waals forces

AS CHEMISTRY (12 decks)

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