6B - Alkanes Flashcards
what is the general formula for Alkane ? 1
-CnH2n+2n
what are the saturated hydrocarbons ? 1
-cycloalkanes and saturated hydrocarbons
how are alkane fuels obtained ? 1
-fractional distillation , cracking and reforming crude oils
whats reforming ?- 2
- process of turning straight chain hydrocarbons into branched chain alkanes , cyclic hydro carbons for efficient combustion .
what pollutants are formed in the combustion of alkane fuels ? -4
- CO
- nitrogen and sulphur oxides
- particulates
- unburnt hydrocarbons
whats are the implications of the pollutants of combustion of fuels ?
(6)
- particulate matter
- acid rain
-carbon emissions
-climate change
-pollution - green house gases
=Co binds to Hb - ozone -o3
how does a catalytic converter solve pollution issues ?
2
- PLATINUM OR PALADIUM catalyst on honey comb structure
- adds oxygen to co / no to make co2 etc no2 = less toxic
whats bio ethanol and how is it made?
2
- ethanol , and its an alternative fuel
- made by fermentation of sugar from crops such as maize.
whats bio diesel and how is it made ?
2
- alternative fuel
- made by refining renewable fats and oils such as vegetable oil .
whats bio gas and how is it made ?
2
- alternative fuels
- produced by the break down of organic waste matter
name some advantages of renewable fuels ?
4
- carbon neutral
- renewable
- less pollution
- sustainable
whats a radical ? 1
- species with unpaired electron
how is a radical formed ? 1
- homolytic fission of covalent bond / UV light
alkane + oxygen ? 1
-combustion produced co2 + water
alkane + halogen -3
mechanism ?
- free radical substitution to produce halogenoalkanes and a mixture of products
- initiation
- propagation
- termination
