Chapter 6 - Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of structure; form

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The process or job performed by an anatomical structure; function

Question 3

Transverse plane

Answer 3

Top and bottom

Question 4

Saggital plane

Answer 4

Left and right

Question 5

Coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 5

Front and back

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

Towards the top

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

Towards the bottom

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

Towards the front

Question 9

Posterior

Answer 9

Towards the back

Question 10

Lateral (distal)

Answer 10

Towards the side

Question 11

Medial (proximal)

Answer 11

Towards the midline

Question 12

Impedance

Answer 12

Opposition to the flow of sound

Question 13

Afferent

Answer 13

Signal travels up

Question 14

Efferent

Answer 14

Signal travels down

Question 15

Pinna (auricle)

Answer 15

Visible portion of the ear, primary made of cartilage

Question 16

External auditory meatus

Answer 16

Opening in the pinna that leads to the canal

Question 17

Ear canal

Answer 17

Leads to the tympanic membrane, 2-3 cm in length

Question 18

Epitheleal migration

Answer 18

skin growth in the ear canal moves outward; heals minor injuries and transports cerumen out of the EAM

Question 19

Umbo

Answer 19

region of maximum concavity

Question 20

Pars tensa

Answer 20

lower portion of TM where fibers are dense; is effective in transmitting sound

Question 21

Pars flaccida

Answer 21

upper portion of TM where fibers are more sparse; doesn’t transmit sound well

Question 22

Annulus

Answer 22

fibrous ring around the outside of the TM

Question 23

cone of light (reflection)

Answer 23

due to the concave shape of the TM; lack of it may indicate increased ME pressure or otitis media

Question 24

Head related transfer functions

Answer 24

how the torso, head, and pinna change the amplitudes and phases of the originating sound; they selectively attenuate and boost certain frequencies (generally boost around 2000-7000 Hz)

Question 25

Ossicular chain (ossicles)

Answer 25

3 small bones that transmit sound from the TM to the inner ear: malleus, incus, and stapes; 2-6 mm in length

Question 26

Manubrium

Answer 26

Embedded in the middle, fibrous layer of the TM; extends from the upper TM to the umbo

Question 27

Malleus Head

Answer 27

Connection to the incus; extends upward into the epitympanic recess

Question 28

Incus Head

Answer 28

Connection to the malleus

Question 29

Lenticular process

Answer 29

Connection to the stapes; the end sits squarely on the head of the stapes

Question 30

Stapes Head/Neck

Answer 30

Connection to incus

Question 31

Crura

Answer 31

one anterior and one posterior (longer and thinner to aid in rocking motion)

Question 32

Footplate

Answer 32

sits in the oval window of the cochlea

Question 33

Stapedius

Answer 33

holds stapes; contracts during speaking

Question 34

Tensor Tympani

Answer 34

holds malleus; contracts during chewing

Question 35

Acoustic Reflex

Answer 35

contraction of the middle ear muscles due to a loud sound; neural reflex involving the processing of sound by the inner ear, auditory nerve, and parts of the CNS