Chapter #6 - Unit #2 Flashcards
What was Baruch Spinoza’s philosophy?
Rejected Descartes contention that God, matter, and mind were all separate entities. Proposed that all three were simply aspects of the same substance. God, nature, and mind were inseparable.
What is the mind-body relationship according to Spinoza?
Assumed that the mind and the body were like two different sides of a coin, inseparable.
What did Spinoza believe about the denial of free will?
Humans believe that they are free to act and think the way they choose, however, they cannot. Free will is fiction.
What did Spinoza believe about motivation and emotion?
Hedonist - he claimed that what are commonly referred to as good and evil are nothing but the emotions of pleasure and pain. Highest pleasure comes from understanding the laws of nature. Clear ideas must be sought by an active mind. Passion reduces survival.
What was Spinoza’s influence on Psychology?
He influenced the development of modern psychology. Stresses that unclear thoughts should be made clear and that passions should be controlled by the rational mind.
Why did Gottfried Willhelm von Leibniz disagree with Locke?
Believed his ideas derived from experience were removed from the mind, nothing would remain. Rejected Locke’s suggestion that all ideas come from experience, instead saying no ideas come from experience.
What did Leibniz believe about Monadology?
He believed that the division of things into living or nonliving was absurd. Concluded that everything was living, and the universe consisted of an infinite number of life units called monads.
What is the mind-body relationship according to Leibniz?
Rejected mind-body dualism. Proposed psychophysical parallelism based on the notion of preestablished harmony. Believed that the entire universe was created by God to be in perfect harmony.
What did Leibniz believe about the conscious and unconscious?
What is actually experienced consciously is explained in terms of events beyond the realm of conscious experience. Summarized his belief in his law of continuity.
What did Thomas Reid believe about common sense?
Argued that all humans were convinced of the existence of physical reality, it must exist. We can trust our impressions of the physical world because it makes common sense to do so.
What did Thomas Reid believe about direct realism?
The belief that the world is as we immediately experience it.
Did not believe in rational mind.
Did not believe that our conscious awareness of the world is formed by one sensation being added to another.
What were the categories of thought according to Kant?
Nothing in our experience probes that one thing causes another. Thought that the mind must add data to sensory experiences before knowledge can occur.
Unity, totality, time, space, cause and effect, reality, quantity, quality, negation, possibility-impossibility, existence-nonexistence.
What did Kant believe about the mental experience?
Never experienced the physical world directly. Cognitions consist only of sense impressions, ideas, and combinations of these arranged by the laws of association.
What was Kant’s perception of space?
Our experience of space was provided by an innate category of thought.
We do not experience sensations as they exist on the retina or in the brain, we experience a display of sensations that seem to reflect the physical world.
What was Georg Willhelm Friedrich Hegel’s influence on psychology?
Showed the interconnectedness of everything in the universe.
