Chapter 6: The Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the largest organ of the body, this also covers the entire surface of the body
skin
more superficial, thinner region of the skin, no blood supply, the top
epidermeis
found below the skin, fat layer
hypodermis
lacks blood supply
avascular
what are the five layers of strata
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum grandulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
where new cells are made (deepest layer)
stratum Basale
cell still dividing lots of keratin (type of stratum)
stratum spinosum
flat, dark staining cells
stratum granulsom
found only in the think skin to protect friction (type of stratum)
stratum lucidum
all cells hardened with keratin and dead
stratum cornuem
What are the Cells of Epidermis
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells
type of skin cell, make keratin, dead in upper layer of epidermis
keratinocytes
proteins that strengthens and waterproofs skins
keratin
make pigment melanin, that contributes to skin color and protects keratinocyte DNA from UV damage
melanocytes
macrophages that eat pathogens
dendritic cells
Tactile (Merkle) cells uses what sense
sense of touch
thicker than the epidermis and found below
dermis
Papillary Layer
superficial layer
Reticular layer
Deep layer
found in the most superficial layer, bumps on top, these are projections of dermis into epidermis
dermal papillae
Cyanosis
blue skin color, low oxygenation of hemoglobin
erythema
(redness), fever, hypertension, inflammation
pallor
(bleaching, or pale color), anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger
jaundice
(yellow) lives disords
bronzing
inadequate steroid hormones
Bruises
clotted blood beneath skin
Chemical Barrier
sweat, sebum and skin acidity are antimicorbial
Physical Barrier
many layers of keratin block substances from entering skin
biological barrier
phagocytic skin calls remove pathogens and debris
vessels constrict to conserve heat (when body is cold)
vasoconstriction
vessels widen to release heat and cool body
vasodilation
Nails
protective coverings on the end of fingers and toes
where are nail plates
overlies the nail bed
what is the cuticle
fold of skin that hides the roots
what is the lunual
whitish half moon shape at base
Hair
this is found on all body parts except the palms, soles, lips, nipples and portions of external reproductive organs
surround the hair within the skin, are formed from epidermal cells but located in the dermis
hair follicles
portion of the hair within the follicle
hair root
area near the bottom of the root where cell division occurs
hair bulge
portion of hair that continues beyond the skin
hair shaft
muscles can pull on the hair that continues beyond the skin
arrector pili
group of specialized cells that produce and secrete substances that
glands
also called sudoriferous glands (odor)
sweat glands
open into hair follicles in anal region, groin and armpits, secretions include proteins and lipids that produce odor when eaten by bacteria on skin (BO)
apocrine sweat glands
open onto surface of the skin, active when body heats up to cool you down, mostly water
merocrine sweat glands
associated with hair follicle, secretes an oily substance called sebum
sebaceous glands
oily substance, secreate
sebum
Steps of Wound Healing
- blood fills wound, clot forms
- white blood cells and fibroblasts move to injured area
- Fibroblasts pull the margins of the wound together by producing collagen fibers
- basal layer produces new cells (scabs)
- proliferating fibroblasts from scar tissue
most common, least malignant, affects stratum Basale cells
basal cell carcinoma
second most common, affects stratum spinosum cells
squamous cell
most dangerous, requires chemotherapy
melanoma
ABCDE RULES
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
