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AP > Chapter 6: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ of the body, this also covers the entire surface of the body

A

skin

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2
Q

more superficial, thinner region of the skin, no blood supply, the top

A

epidermeis

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3
Q

found below the skin, fat layer

A

hypodermis

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4
Q

lacks blood supply

A

avascular

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5
Q

what are the five layers of strata

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum grandulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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6
Q

where new cells are made (deepest layer)

A

stratum Basale

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7
Q

cell still dividing lots of keratin (type of stratum)

A

stratum spinosum

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8
Q

flat, dark staining cells

A

stratum granulsom

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9
Q

found only in the think skin to protect friction (type of stratum)

A

stratum lucidum

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10
Q

all cells hardened with keratin and dead

A

stratum cornuem

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11
Q

What are the Cells of Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

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12
Q

type of skin cell, make keratin, dead in upper layer of epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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13
Q

proteins that strengthens and waterproofs skins

A

keratin

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14
Q

make pigment melanin, that contributes to skin color and protects keratinocyte DNA from UV damage

A

melanocytes

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15
Q

macrophages that eat pathogens

A

dendritic cells

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16
Q

Tactile (Merkle) cells uses what sense

A

sense of touch

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17
Q

thicker than the epidermis and found below

A

dermis

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18
Q

Papillary Layer

A

superficial layer

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19
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep layer

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20
Q

found in the most superficial layer, bumps on top, these are projections of dermis into epidermis

A

dermal papillae

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21
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue skin color, low oxygenation of hemoglobin

22
Q

erythema

A

(redness), fever, hypertension, inflammation

23
Q

pallor

A

(bleaching, or pale color), anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger

24
Q

jaundice

A

(yellow) lives disords

25
Q

bronzing

A

inadequate steroid hormones

26
Q

Bruises

A

clotted blood beneath skin

27
Q

Chemical Barrier

A

sweat, sebum and skin acidity are antimicorbial

28
Q

Physical Barrier

A

many layers of keratin block substances from entering skin

29
Q

biological barrier

A

phagocytic skin calls remove pathogens and debris

30
Q

vessels constrict to conserve heat (when body is cold)

A

vasoconstriction

31
Q

vessels widen to release heat and cool body

A

vasodilation

32
Q

Nails

A

protective coverings on the end of fingers and toes

33
Q

where are nail plates

A

overlies the nail bed

34
Q

what is the cuticle

A

fold of skin that hides the roots

35
Q

what is the lunual

A

whitish half moon shape at base

36
Q

Hair

A

this is found on all body parts except the palms, soles, lips, nipples and portions of external reproductive organs

37
Q

surround the hair within the skin, are formed from epidermal cells but located in the dermis

A

hair follicles

38
Q

portion of the hair within the follicle

A

hair root

39
Q

area near the bottom of the root where cell division occurs

A

hair bulge

40
Q

portion of hair that continues beyond the skin

A

hair shaft

41
Q

muscles can pull on the hair that continues beyond the skin

A

arrector pili

42
Q

group of specialized cells that produce and secrete substances that

A

glands

43
Q

also called sudoriferous glands (odor)

A

sweat glands

44
Q

open into hair follicles in anal region, groin and armpits, secretions include proteins and lipids that produce odor when eaten by bacteria on skin (BO)

A

apocrine sweat glands

45
Q

open onto surface of the skin, active when body heats up to cool you down, mostly water

A

merocrine sweat glands

46
Q

associated with hair follicle, secretes an oily substance called sebum

A

sebaceous glands

47
Q

oily substance, secreate

A

sebum

48
Q

Steps of Wound Healing

A
  1. blood fills wound, clot forms
  2. white blood cells and fibroblasts move to injured area
  3. Fibroblasts pull the margins of the wound together by producing collagen fibers
  4. basal layer produces new cells (scabs)
  5. proliferating fibroblasts from scar tissue
49
Q

most common, least malignant, affects stratum Basale cells

A

basal cell carcinoma

50
Q

second most common, affects stratum spinosum cells

A

squamous cell

51
Q

most dangerous, requires chemotherapy

A

melanoma

52
Q

ABCDE RULES

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

AP (3 decks)

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