Chapter 6: The Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the largest organ of the body, this also covers the entire surface of the body

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

more superficial, thinner region of the skin, no blood supply, the top

Answer 2

epidermeis

Question 3

found below the skin, fat layer

Answer 3

hypodermis

Question 4

lacks blood supply

Answer 4

avascular

Question 5

what are the five layers of strata

Answer 5

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum grandulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 6

where new cells are made (deepest layer)

Answer 6

stratum Basale

Question 7

cell still dividing lots of keratin (type of stratum)

Answer 7

stratum spinosum

Question 8

flat, dark staining cells

Answer 8

stratum granulsom

Question 9

found only in the think skin to protect friction (type of stratum)

Answer 9

stratum lucidum

Question 10

all cells hardened with keratin and dead

Answer 10

stratum cornuem

Question 11

What are the Cells of Epidermis

Answer 11

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, tactile cells

Question 12

type of skin cell, make keratin, dead in upper layer of epidermis

Answer 12

keratinocytes

Question 13

proteins that strengthens and waterproofs skins

Answer 13

keratin

Question 14

make pigment melanin, that contributes to skin color and protects keratinocyte DNA from UV damage

Answer 14

melanocytes

Question 15

macrophages that eat pathogens

Answer 15

dendritic cells

Question 16

Tactile (Merkle) cells uses what sense

Answer 16

sense of touch

Question 17

thicker than the epidermis and found below

Answer 17

dermis

Question 18

Papillary Layer

Answer 18

superficial layer

Question 19

Reticular layer

Answer 19

Deep layer

Question 20

found in the most superficial layer, bumps on top, these are projections of dermis into epidermis

Answer 20

dermal papillae

Question 21

Cyanosis

Answer 21

blue skin color, low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 22

erythema

Answer 22

(redness), fever, hypertension, inflammation

Question 23

pallor

Answer 23

(bleaching, or pale color), anemia, low blood pressure, fear, anger

Question 24

jaundice

Answer 24

(yellow) lives disords

Question 25

bronzing

Answer 25

inadequate steroid hormones

Question 26

Bruises

Answer 26

clotted blood beneath skin

Question 27

Chemical Barrier

Answer 27

sweat, sebum and skin acidity are antimicorbial

Question 28

Physical Barrier

Answer 28

many layers of keratin block substances from entering skin

Question 29

biological barrier

Answer 29

phagocytic skin calls remove pathogens and debris

Question 30

vessels constrict to conserve heat (when body is cold)

Answer 30

vasoconstriction

Question 31

vessels widen to release heat and cool body

Answer 31

vasodilation

Question 32

Nails

Answer 32

protective coverings on the end of fingers and toes

Question 33

where are nail plates

Answer 33

overlies the nail bed

Question 34

what is the cuticle

Answer 34

fold of skin that hides the roots

Question 35

what is the lunual

Answer 35

whitish half moon shape at base

Question 36

Hair

Answer 36

this is found on all body parts except the palms, soles, lips, nipples and portions of external reproductive organs

Question 37

surround the hair within the skin, are formed from epidermal cells but located in the dermis

Answer 37

hair follicles

Question 38

portion of the hair within the follicle

Answer 38

hair root

Question 39

area near the bottom of the root where cell division occurs

Answer 39

hair bulge

Question 40

portion of hair that continues beyond the skin

Answer 40

hair shaft

Question 41

muscles can pull on the hair that continues beyond the skin

Answer 41

arrector pili

Question 42

group of specialized cells that produce and secrete substances that

Answer 42

glands

Question 43

also called sudoriferous glands (odor)

Answer 43

sweat glands

Question 44

open into hair follicles in anal region, groin and armpits, secretions include proteins and lipids that produce odor when eaten by bacteria on skin (BO)

Answer 44

apocrine sweat glands

Question 45

open onto surface of the skin, active when body heats up to cool you down, mostly water

Answer 45

merocrine sweat glands

Question 46

associated with hair follicle, secretes an oily substance called sebum

Answer 46

sebaceous glands

Question 47

oily substance, secreate

Answer 47

sebum

Question 48

Steps of Wound Healing

Answer 48

1. blood fills wound, clot forms 2. white blood cells and fibroblasts move to injured area 3. Fibroblasts pull the margins of the wound together by producing collagen fibers 4. basal layer produces new cells (scabs) 5. proliferating fibroblasts from scar tissue

Question 49

most common, least malignant, affects stratum Basale cells

Answer 49

basal cell carcinoma

Question 50

second most common, affects stratum spinosum cells

Answer 50

squamous cell

Question 51

most dangerous, requires chemotherapy

Answer 51

melanoma

Question 52

ABCDE RULES

Answer 52

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving