Chapter 4 DNA AND RNA

Question 1

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What is Ribonucleic acid

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

helps the ribosomes actually make proteins, carries the information to ribosomes, allows them to recognize amino acids, carries amino acids,

Answer 3

RNA

Question 4

What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 4

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine in DNA

Question 5

what is a nucleotide made up of

Answer 5

nitrogenous base+ sugar+ phosphate groups

Question 6

is composed of a string of nucleotides that contain genetic information, DNA/RNA

Answer 6

nucleic acid

Question 7

change in genetic sequence

Answer 7

mutation

Question 8

this has two sugar (deoxyribose) backbones producing a double helix

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

repeating nucleotide units held together by hydrogen bonds (shape)

Answer 9

double helix

Question 10

complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, primarily composed of long strands of DNA wrapped around protein complexes

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

pairs with adenine in DNA

Answer 11

thymine

Question 12

always pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA

Answer 12

guanine

Question 13

pairs with adenine in RNA

Answer 13

Uracil

Question 14

during this stage each strand unwinds and serves as template for a second strand, resulting in two identical copies of DNA

Answer 14

cell division

Question 15

Sister chromatids

Answer 15

two chromatids, each are genetically identical

Question 16

three bases that specify one amino acid

Answer 16

codon

Question 17

long chains of proteins

Answer 17

polypeptides

Question 18

many are linked in subunits of the polypeptides

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 19

what is the structure of RNA

Answer 19

single stranded = ribose + phosphate= backbone

Question 20

Ribose are made up of?

Answer 20

Sugar

Question 21

What does mRNA (messenger RNA) do?

Answer 21

transcribes information from DNA

Question 22

What does rRNA (ribosomal RNA) do?

Answer 22

builds protien

Question 23

what does tRNA (Transfers RNA) do

Answer 23

translates the information in mRNA by bringing the appropriate amino acids to build protein

Question 24

cloverleaf structure with one end with 3 exposed nitrogenous bases, this will pair with a codon specified in mRNA

Answer 24

anticodon

Question 25

what happens during Protein Synthesis

Answer 25

proteins are made

Question 26

What are the two steps in proteins synthesis

Answer 26

transcription and translation

Question 27

opens up, gene is copied onto a strand of mRNA, DNA strand unwinds and exposes its bases, nucleotides that pair to exposed bases arrive and assemble into single stranded mRNA

Answer 27

transcription

Question 28

process by which the nucleic acid RNA is translated into an amino acid sequence, mRNA moves to ribosomes

Answer 28

translation

Question 29

change in DNA sequence

Answer 29

mutation