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AP > Chapter 4 DNA AND RNA > Flashcards

Chapter 4 DNA AND RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

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2
Q

What is Ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

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3
Q

helps the ribosomes actually make proteins, carries the information to ribosomes, allows them to recognize amino acids, carries amino acids,

A

RNA

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4
Q

What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine in DNA

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5
Q

what is a nucleotide made up of

A

nitrogenous base+ sugar+ phosphate groups

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6
Q

is composed of a string of nucleotides that contain genetic information, DNA/RNA

A

nucleic acid

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7
Q

change in genetic sequence

A

mutation

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8
Q

this has two sugar (deoxyribose) backbones producing a double helix

A

DNA

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9
Q

repeating nucleotide units held together by hydrogen bonds (shape)

A

double helix

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10
Q

complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, primarily composed of long strands of DNA wrapped around protein complexes

A

Chromatin

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11
Q

pairs with adenine in DNA

A

thymine

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12
Q

always pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA

A

guanine

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13
Q

pairs with adenine in RNA

A

Uracil

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14
Q

during this stage each strand unwinds and serves as template for a second strand, resulting in two identical copies of DNA

A

cell division

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15
Q

Sister chromatids

A

two chromatids, each are genetically identical

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16
Q

three bases that specify one amino acid

A

codon

17
Q

long chains of proteins

A

polypeptides

18
Q

many are linked in subunits of the polypeptides

A

amino acid

19
Q

what is the structure of RNA

A

single stranded = ribose + phosphate= backbone

20
Q

Ribose are made up of?

A

Sugar

21
Q

What does mRNA (messenger RNA) do?

A

transcribes information from DNA

22
Q

What does rRNA (ribosomal RNA) do?

A

builds protien

23
Q

what does tRNA (Transfers RNA) do

A

translates the information in mRNA by bringing the appropriate amino acids to build protein

24
Q

cloverleaf structure with one end with 3 exposed nitrogenous bases, this will pair with a codon specified in mRNA

A

anticodon

25
Q

what happens during Protein Synthesis

A

proteins are made

26
Q

What are the two steps in proteins synthesis

A

transcription and translation

27
Q

opens up, gene is copied onto a strand of mRNA, DNA strand unwinds and exposes its bases, nucleotides that pair to exposed bases arrive and assemble into single stranded mRNA

A

transcription

28
Q

process by which the nucleic acid RNA is translated into an amino acid sequence, mRNA moves to ribosomes

A

translation

29
Q

change in DNA sequence

A

mutation

30
Q
A

AP (3 decks)

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