Chapter 4 DNA AND RNA Flashcards
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
What is Ribonucleic acid
RNA
helps the ribosomes actually make proteins, carries the information to ribosomes, allows them to recognize amino acids, carries amino acids,
RNA
What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine in DNA
what is a nucleotide made up of
nitrogenous base+ sugar+ phosphate groups
is composed of a string of nucleotides that contain genetic information, DNA/RNA
nucleic acid
change in genetic sequence
mutation
this has two sugar (deoxyribose) backbones producing a double helix
DNA
repeating nucleotide units held together by hydrogen bonds (shape)
double helix
complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, primarily composed of long strands of DNA wrapped around protein complexes
Chromatin
pairs with adenine in DNA
thymine
always pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA
guanine
pairs with adenine in RNA
Uracil
during this stage each strand unwinds and serves as template for a second strand, resulting in two identical copies of DNA
cell division
Sister chromatids
two chromatids, each are genetically identical
three bases that specify one amino acid
codon
long chains of proteins
polypeptides
many are linked in subunits of the polypeptides
amino acid
what is the structure of RNA
single stranded = ribose + phosphate= backbone
Ribose are made up of?
Sugar
What does mRNA (messenger RNA) do?
transcribes information from DNA
What does rRNA (ribosomal RNA) do?
builds protien
what does tRNA (Transfers RNA) do
translates the information in mRNA by bringing the appropriate amino acids to build protein
cloverleaf structure with one end with 3 exposed nitrogenous bases, this will pair with a codon specified in mRNA
anticodon
