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Biology > Chapter 6: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Cell Flashcards

This deck is designed to aid you in learning cell organelles and their designated functions, along with cell junctions and their uses.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest unit that can live on it’s own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

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2
Q

What are the three main parts of the cell?

A

The nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Hair-like protrusions that allow prokaryotes to stick to surfaces in their environment and to each other; increase surface area (having more skin allows cell to stick to surfaces easier)

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4
Q

What is a capsule?

A

Sticky outermost layer

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5
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and gives shape to the cell

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6
Q

What is the nucleoid region?

A

An irregularly shaped region within the cell that contains most or all of the genetic material (DNA)

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7
Q

What is the flagella?

A

A lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain cells; is primarily a motility organelle that enables movement

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8
Q

Polar

A

Has one or more flagella from one point

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9
Q

Peritrichous

A

Has several flagella all over cell body

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10
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Any cell or organism that contains a clearly defined, membrane-bound nucleus

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11
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from it’s environment

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12
Q

What is an endoplasmic membrane?

A

Rough ER-conducts the translation and folding of new proteins; contains ribosomes
Smooth ER-expression of lipids; has no ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging, processing, and modification of proteins

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14
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of ATP (adenosine triphosphate; most commonly energy form in the body); powerhouse

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15
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

DNA maintenance; controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription; composed of nucleolus, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm (empty space in nucleus), and nuclear envelope

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16
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

Storage for nutrients (mostly for plants)

17
Q

What is the centriole?

A

Anchor for cytoskeleton; organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers; made up of microtubules; microtubules expand during mitosis

18
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Breakdown of large molecules (macromolecules); has enzymes that break down things, such as organelles that are no longer useful

19
Q

What is the peroxisome?

A

Breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

20
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Translation of RNA into proteins

21
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Is a rigid structure composed of cellulose that provides shape to the cell and does not let the cell burst from osmotic pressure

22
Q

What is a vacuole (in a plant cell)?

A

Takes up a large part of cell’s interior; used for storage of water

23
Q

What are chloroplasts/pastials?

A

Conduct photosynthesis; traps energy from sunlight (light energy-chemical energy-ATP)

24
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence

25
Q

What are microfilaments/Actin filaments?

A

Carry out cellular movements including gliding and contraction (think of muscle cells)

26
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Scaffolding to determine cell shape and provide a set of “tracks” for cell organelles and vesicles to move on; when arranged in geometric patterns in flagella or cilia, they are used for locomotion

27
Q

What are intermediate filaments?

A

They bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell, and anchor the nucleus (especially if cell is being pulled)

28
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Intercellular junction that thether intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane

29
Q

What are tight functions?

A

Prevents the passages of molecules and ions through the space between plasma membranes of adjacent cells

30
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Channels that permit direct cell-to-cell transfer of small molecules; will sometimes be blocked so molecules won’t go through

Biology (11 decks)

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