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Biology > Chapter 6: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Cell Flashcards

This deck is designed to aid you in learning cell organelles and their designated functions, along with cell junctions and their uses.

1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest unit that can live on it’s own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

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2
Q

What are the three main parts of the cell?

A

The nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Hair-like protrusions that allow prokaryotes to stick to surfaces in their environment and to each other; increase surface area (having more skin allows cell to stick to surfaces easier)

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4
Q

What is a capsule?

A

Sticky outermost layer

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5
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and gives shape to the cell

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6
Q

What is the nucleoid region?

A

An irregularly shaped region within the cell that contains most or all of the genetic material (DNA)

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7
Q

What is the flagella?

A

A lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain cells; is primarily a motility organelle that enables movement

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8
Q

Polar

A

Has one or more flagella from one point

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9
Q

Peritrichous

A

Has several flagella all over cell body

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10
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Any cell or organism that contains a clearly defined, membrane-bound nucleus

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11
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from it’s environment

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12
Q

What is an endoplasmic membrane?

A

Rough ER-conducts the translation and folding of new proteins; contains ribosomes
Smooth ER-expression of lipids; has no ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging, processing, and modification of proteins

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14
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of ATP (adenosine triphosphate; most commonly energy form in the body); powerhouse

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15
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

DNA maintenance; controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription; composed of nucleolus, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm (empty space in nucleus), and nuclear envelope

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16
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

Storage for nutrients (mostly for plants)

17
Q

What is the centriole?

A

Anchor for cytoskeleton; organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers; made up of microtubules; microtubules expand during mitosis

18
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Breakdown of large molecules (macromolecules); has enzymes that break down things, such as organelles that are no longer useful

19
Q

What is the peroxisome?

A

Breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

20
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Translation of RNA into proteins

21
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Is a rigid structure composed of cellulose that provides shape to the cell and does not let the cell burst from osmotic pressure

22
Q

What is a vacuole (in a plant cell)?

A

Takes up a large part of cell’s interior; used for storage of water

23
Q

What are chloroplasts/pastials?

A

Conduct photosynthesis; traps energy from sunlight (light energy-chemical energy-ATP)

24
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence

25
Q

What are microfilaments/Actin filaments?

A

Carry out cellular movements including gliding and contraction (think of muscle cells)

26
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Scaffolding to determine cell shape and provide a set of “tracks” for cell organelles and vesicles to move on; when arranged in geometric patterns in flagella or cilia, they are used for locomotion

27
Q

What are intermediate filaments?

A

They bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell, and anchor the nucleus (especially if cell is being pulled)

28
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Intercellular junction that thether intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane

29
Q

What are tight functions?

A

Prevents the passages of molecules and ions through the space between plasma membranes of adjacent cells

30
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Channels that permit direct cell-to-cell transfer of small molecules; will sometimes be blocked so molecules won’t go through

Biology (11 decks)

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