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IS 3413 > Chapter 6 Test 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does IEEE 802.3 define?

A

-traditional wired ethernet.

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2
Q

What is the standard for wireless ethernet?

A
  • IEEE 802.11

- Wi-FI

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3
Q

What are the two reasons for developing a LAN?

A

-information sharing and resource sharing

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4
Q

Describe Information sharing.

A

-having users access the same data files, exchange information via email, or use the internet.

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5
Q

What is the benefit of information sharing?

A

-improved decision making and is generally more important than resource sharing.

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6
Q

Describe resource sharing.

A

-one computer sharing a hardware device(printer, internet connection) or software package with other computers on the network to save costs.

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7
Q

Describe LAN metering software.

A

-prohibits using more copies of a package than there are installed licenses.

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8
Q

How much software is used illegally?

A

-Software Publishers Association(SPA) estimates 40% an annual total of more than $40 billion.

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9
Q

Who has the lowest rate of software piracy?

A

-North America at 28%.

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10
Q

What are piracy rates for some countries?

A

-western Europe(43%
-australia 32%
-New Zealand 35%
Japan 41%

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11
Q

Describe dedicated server networks.

A
  • has one or more computers that are permanently assigned as network servers.
  • servers enable users to share files and printers.
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12
Q

Describe dedicated servers.

A
  • can handle large files and databases and uses sophisticated LAN software.
  • powerful personal computers.
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13
Q

Describe a server farm.

A
  • when servers are organized into a large set of servers on one part of the network.
  • also called a cluster.
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14
Q

Describe OS of a dedicated server.

A

-usual operating systerm replaced by a network operating system.

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15
Q

Describe drivers.

A

-special-purpose network communication software provides the data link layer and network layer protocols that allow data transmission to take place.

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16
Q

What three components must work together and in conjunction with the network hardware to enable communications?

A
  • network operating system in dedicated server
  • network communication software on the client
  • application software that runs on the server and client computers.
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17
Q

Describe file servers.

A

-allow many users to share the same set of files on a common, shared disk drive.

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18
Q

Describe print servers.

A
  • handle print request on the LAN.

- help reduce the load on other servers and increase network efficiency.

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19
Q

Describe peer-to-peer netowrks.

A
  • do not require a dedicated server.
  • all computers run network software that enables them to function both as clients and as servers.
  • often slower than dedicated server networks.
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20
Q

Describe characteristics of peer-to-peer LANs.

A
  • less capabilitly
  • support limited number of computers
  • less sophisticated sofware
  • prove more difficult to manage.
  • cheaper in hardware and software.
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21
Q

Describe NICs.

A
  • network interface cards
  • connects computer to the network cable in a wired network and is one part of the physical layer connection among computers.
  • Wireless networks is a radio transmitter that sends and receives messages on a specific radio frequency.
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22
Q

Where is STP used?

A

-special areas that produce electrical interference such as factories near heavy machinery or hospitals near MRI scanners.

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23
Q

Describe fiber optics.

A
  • thinner and lighter
  • weighs less than 10 pounds per thousand feet.
  • perfect for BNs, used in Lans.
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24
Q

What frequency ranges does wireless operate at?

A
  • 2.4 and 5.0 GHz.
  • can transmit 100-150 meters.
  • max speed drops fast.
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25
Q

describe channels.

A

-each channel uses a different part of the 2.4 GHs or 5 GHs frequency range to prefent overlap.

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26
Q

Describe Cat 1>

A

-UTP, 1 Mbps used by modem

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27
Q

Describe cat 2 cable.

A

-utp 4 mbps, token ring

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28
Q

Describe cat 3 cable.

A

-utp, 10 mbps 10BaseT

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29
Q

Describe cat 4 cable

A

-stp, 16 Mbps, Token ring 16

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30
Q

Describe cat 5 cable

A

utp, 100 Mbps, 100BaseT

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31
Q

Describe cat 5 cable

A

sTP, 100 Mbps, 100BaseT

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32
Q

Describe cat 5e

A

utp, 1 Gbps, 1000Base-T

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33
Q

describe cat 6a

A

utp, 10 Gbps, 10GBase-T

34
Q

Describe Cat 7a

A

STP, 40 Gpos, 10 Gbase T

35
Q

62.5/50

A

Fiber, 1000MBS 1000Base

36
Q

Describe a port.

A

-each connection point where a cable can be plugged in.

37
Q

Describe a wireless access point.

A
  • a radio transceiver that plays the same role as a hub or switch in wired Ethernet Lans.
  • enables computers near it to communicate with each other
38
Q

Describe omnidirectional antennas.

A
  • antenna transmits in all directions simultaneously.

- common type is a dipole antenna.

39
Q

Describe directional antennas.

A
  • projects a signal in one direction.

- signal is stroner and carry further.

40
Q

Describe network operating system(NOS)

A
  • software that controls the network.

- one part runs on servers and the other part on the clients.

41
Q

Describe functions of server NOS.

A

-performs data link, network, and application layer functions.

42
Q

Describe functions of client NOS.

A

-functions associated with data link and the network layers.

43
Q

What is a directory service?

A
  • one of the most important functions of a NOS.
  • provide information about resources on the network that are available to the users such as shared printers, shared file servers and application software.
  • Active directory service.
44
Q

Describe Active Direcotry service.

A
  • works much like DNS servers.

- ADS servers are called domain controllers and can act like DNS servers.

45
Q

What is a forest?

A

-when you link the hierarchical tree of domains within one organization to other organizations.

46
Q

What is a domain controller.

A
  • responsible for resolving address information
  • manages authorization information.
  • ensures resources are available only to authorized users.
47
Q

What are lightweight directory services?

A
  • LDAP

- standard way for a client to send message to view available resources.

48
Q

Describe network profiles.

A

-specifies what resources on each server are available on the network for use by other computers and which devices or people are allowed what access to the network.

49
Q

Describe topology.

A

-basic geometric layout of the network. and is the way in which the computers on the network are interconnected.

50
Q

What is a logical topology.

A

-how network works conceptually.

51
Q

What is a physical topology?

A

-how the network is physically installed.

52
Q

What logical topology is it when we use hubs?

A
  • bus topology.
  • all computers connected to one half-duplex running the length of the network.
  • all computers receive all frames sent on the bus.
53
Q

Describe switch-based ethernet.

A
  • logical star and physical star.
  • manages separate point-to-point circuits.
  • circuits are not shared.
54
Q

What is a forwarding table?

A

-switch uses to determine which circuit is connected to what computer.

55
Q

Describe cut-through switching.

A
  • switch begins to transmit the incoming packet on the proper outgoing circuit as soon as it has read the destination address in the frame.
  • low latency
  • may forward errors.
  • incoming data circuit needs same data rate as outgoing circuit.
56
Q

Describe store and forward switching.

A
  • receives entire frame before transmitting the outgoing frame.
  • higher latency.
  • data rates can be different
57
Q

Describe fragment-free switching.

A

-first 64 bytes of frame are read and stored.
-error checks it.
-

58
Q

Describe Media Access Control.

A

-way to control access to the media.

59
Q

What MAC control technique does ethernet use?

A
  • contention
  • CSMA/CD
  • wait until circuit is free then transmit.
  • If NIC detects any signal other than its own, it assumes collission and sends a jamming signal.
  • computers stop transmitting and wait for circuit to become clear.
60
Q

How far does 1000Base-LX go?

A

440 meters.

61
Q

How far does 1000Base-SX go?

A

-260 meters.

62
Q

Describe wireless ethernet.

A

-defined by IEEE 802.11

63
Q

Describe the topologies of Wi-Fi.

A

-physical star and a logical bus.

64
Q

What MAC does Wi-Fi use?

A
  • CSMA/CA
  • computers listen before they transmit.
  • avoid collissions
65
Q

How does computers develop an association with an AP?

A

-through scanning.
-active scanning: NIC transmits a probe frame on all active channels.
passive scanning: NIC listens for a beacon frame that is sent out by an access point.

66
Q

Describe DCF.

A
  • Distributed coordination function.
  • physical carrier sense
  • MAC control function that relies on computers to physically listen before they transmit.
  • each frame sent using stop-and-wait ARQ
  • computers wait longer to transmit than it takes for computer to transmit a ARQ
67
Q

Describe PCF.

A

-point coordination function
-virtual carrier sense.
-overcomes hidden node problem.
-AP controls circuit with a controlled-access technique.
-

68
Q

How does PCF work?

A
  • computer sends a request to transmit(RTS) to AP
  • AP sends a clear to transmit (CTS) to computer specifing amount of time computer can transmit.
  • poorer performance in low-traffic netowrks.
69
Q

How are wireless frames different from switche ethernet.

A
  • contain a transmitter and receiver address.

- Sequence control field that indicates how a large frame is fragmented.

70
Q

Describe 802.11a.

A
  • eight channels of 54 Mbps

- max range 50 meters

71
Q

Describe 802.11b.

A
  • 3 channels of 11 Mbps

- max range 150 meters.

72
Q

Describe 802.11g.

A
  • 3 channels of 54 Mbps.

- max range of 150 meters.

73
Q

Describe 802.11n.

A
  • 3 channels of 200 Mbps
  • max range 150 meters.
  • APs can use different frequency ranges
  • speeds up to 600 Mbps.
  • one old laptop will slow down other laptops.
  • backwards compatible with b/g
74
Q

Describe WEP.

A
  • encryption protocol.

- a lot of security weaknesses.

75
Q

Describe EAP

A
  • extensible authentication protocol

- allows keys to be produced dynamically.

76
Q

Describe WPA

A
  • WiFi Protected Access(WPA)
  • every frame is encrypted using a key and key can be finex in the AP or assigned dynamically with EAP.
  • WPA key is longer and harder to break
  • key changed for every frame that is transmiteed.
77
Q

describe 802.11i(WPA2)

A
  • uses EAP to obtain a master key
  • uses AES
  • computer and AP negotiate a new key.
78
Q

Describe MAC address filtering.

A

-AP only processes frames by computers whose MAC address is allowed.

79
Q

Describe SMP

A
  • symmetric multiprocessing

- special purpose network servers that are optimized to provide extremely fast performance.

80
Q

Describe network segmentation.

A

-breaking a network into smaller parts.

IS 3413 (11 decks)

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