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IS 3413 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the first and second industrial revolutions.

A

First: revolutionized the way people work by introducing machines and new organizational forms.

-Second: revolutionizing the way people work through networking and data communications.

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2
Q

When did Samuel Morse invent the telegraph system?

A

1837

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3
Q

When did Bell develop concept of the phone?

A

1874

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4
Q

When was ATT incorporated?

A

1885

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5
Q

When was control transferred from ICC to the FCC

A

1934

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6
Q

When was ATT divided into two parts?

A

1984

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7
Q

What is net neutrality?

A

-for a given type of content, all content providers are treated the same.

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8
Q

What is data communications?

A

-The movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission systems.

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9
Q

What is telecommunications?

A

-transmission of voice and video as well as data

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10
Q

What is a server?

A

-stores data or software that can be accessed by clients.

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11
Q

What is a client?

A
  • the input-output hardware device at the user’s end of a communication circuit.
  • provides users with access to the network and the data and software on the server.
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12
Q

What is a circuit?

A

-the pathway through which the messages travel.

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13
Q

What is a router?

A

-connects two or more networks.

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14
Q

What is a file server?

A

-stores data and software that can be used by computers on the network.

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15
Q

What is a print server?

A

-connects to a printer and manages all printing requests from the clients on the network.

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16
Q

What is a web server?

A

-stores documents and graphics that can be accessed from any web browser.

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17
Q

What is a LAN?

A
  • group of computers located in the same general area.
  • clearly defined small area
  • one floor or work area, building or group of buildings.
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18
Q

What is a Backbone Network(BN)?

A
  • larger, central network connecting several LANs, other BNs, MANs and WANs.
  • hundreds of feet to several miles.
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19
Q

What is a MAN?

A
  • connects LANs and BNs located in different areas to each other and to WANs.
  • 3 to 30 miles.
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20
Q

What is a WAN

A
  • connects BNs and MANs.
  • leased circuits from IXCs.
  • hundreds or thousands of miles
  • 64 Kbps to 10 Gbps.
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21
Q

What is an intranet?

A

-Lan that uses same technologies as internet but open only to those inside the organization.

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22
Q

What is an extranet?

A

-provided to invited users outside the organization who access it over the Internet.

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23
Q

What does OSI model stand for?

A

Open Systems Interconnection reference model.

24
Q

Who created the OSI model?

A

-the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)

25
Q

Describe layer 1. OSI

A

physical layer: concerned primarily with transmitting data bits(ones and zeros) over a communications circuit.
-defines transmission rules such as voltages, # bits sent per second and physical format of cable and connector.

26
Q

Describe layer 2 OSI

A

Data link layer: manages the physical transmission circuit in layer 1.

  • transforms it into a circuit that is free of transmission errors.
  • creates and recognizes message boundaries,
  • error detection and correction.
  • decides when device can transmit.
27
Q

Describe layer 3 OSI

A

Network layer. performs routing and logical addressing.

28
Q

Describe layer 4. OSI

A

Transport layer: deals with end-to-end issues.

  • procedure for entering and departing from the network.
  • establishes, maintains, and terminates logical connections for the transfer of data.
  • break larger transmission into smaller packets.
  • flow control.
  • also performs error checking.
29
Q

Describe layer 5. OSI

A

Session layer:managing and structuring sessions.

  • arrange for all desired and required services between session participants.
  • orderly way to end the session.
  • session accounting
30
Q

Describe OSI layer 6

A

Presentation: formats the data for presentation to the user.

  • displaying formatting and editing user inputs and outputs.
  • data compression, translation between data formats, screen formatting.
31
Q

Describe OSI layer 7

A

application layer: end user’s access to the network.

  • provides a set of utilities for application programs.
  • network monitoring and network management.
32
Q

What is the Internet model.

A

-dominates current hardware and software .-five layers.

33
Q

Describe Intenet Layer 1

A

Physical: physical correlation between the sender and the receiver.

  • transfer a series of electrical, radio or light signals through the circuit.
  • specifies the type of connection and signals.
34
Q

Describe Internet Layer 2.

A
  • Data link: responsible for moving a message from one computer to the next computer.
  • controls the physical layer by deciding when to transmit messages over the media.
  • formats messages by indicating where they start and end.
  • detects and may correct any errors that have occurred during transmission.
35
Q

Describe internet layer 3

A

Network layer: performs routing.

-finds the address of that computer if it doesn’t already know it.

36
Q

Describe internet layer 4.

A
  • Transport layer: Responsible for linking the application layer software to the network and establishing end-to-end connections between the sender and receiver.
  • breaks long messages into several smaller messages and recombines.
  • detect lost messages and request they be resent.
37
Q

Describe internet layer 5.

A

application layer: application software used by the network user. User’s access to the network.
-defines what messages are sent over the network.

38
Q

What is a hardware layer?

A

the physical and data link layer.

39
Q

What is the internetwork layer?

A

-the transport and network layers.

40
Q

What is a protocol?

A

-a set of rules that define what the layer will do and provides a clearly defined set of messages that software at the layer needs to understand.

41
Q

What is an example of a PDU at the application layer?

A

HTTP packet.

42
Q

What is an example of a PDU at the Transport layer?

A

-TCP segment.

43
Q

What is an example of a PDU at the network layer?

A

-IP packet.

44
Q

What is an example of a PDU at the Data link layer?

A

-ethernet frame.

45
Q

What is an example of a physical layer PDU.

A

-there isn’t one, only bits.

46
Q

What is an advantage of using layers?

A

-easy to develop new software.

47
Q

What is a standard?

A

-defines a set of rules called protocols that explain exactly how hardware and software that conform to the standard are required to operate.

48
Q

What is a disadvantage of layers?

A
  • somewhat inefficient.

- PDUs add to the total amount of data that must be sent.

49
Q

What is a de juro standard?

A
  • developed by an official industry or government body.

- formal standard.

50
Q

What is a de facto standard?

A

-those that emerge in the marketplace and are supported by several vendors but have no official standing.

51
Q

Describe the de juro standardization process.

A

-application, identification of choices, and acceptance.

52
Q

What is the ITU-T

A

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications.

-based in geneva.

53
Q

What is ANSI

A

American National Standards Institute.

54
Q

What is broadband?

A

-high speed communication circuits.

55
Q

what is convergence?

A

-the integration of voice, video, and data communication.

56
Q

What is an application service provider?

A

-develops a specific systems and companies purchase the service without ever installing the stystem on their own computers.

57
Q

What is an information utility?

A

-company that provides a wide range of standardized information services.

IS 3413 (11 decks)

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