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IS 3413 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network application?

A

-The software packages that run in the applicationlayer.

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2
Q

What is an application architecture?

A

-The way in which the functions of the application layer software are spread among the clients and servers in the network.

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3
Q

What are the four general functions of the work done by an application program?

A
  • Data storage
  • data access logic
  • application logic
  • presentation logic
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4
Q

Describe data storage.

A

-programs require data to be stored and retrieved.

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5
Q

Describe data access logic.

A

-the processing required to access data such as database queries(SQL)

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6
Q

Describe application logic.

A

-business logic, simple or complex depending on the application

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7
Q

Presentation logic.

A

-the presentation of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.

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8
Q

What are the four fundamental application architectures?

A
  • host-based architectures
  • client-based architectures
  • client-server architectures
  • peer-to-peer architectures.
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9
Q

Describe host-based architecture.

A

-A server or large mainframe performs all four functions.

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10
Q

What are two problems with host based architectures?

A
  • server must process all messages. Server can become overloaded.
  • can’t prioritize, slow response time.
  • lumpy upgrades
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11
Q

Describe client based architecture.

A
  • client and server are both personal computers.
  • client responsible for presentation, application, and data access logic.
  • server responsible for data storage
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12
Q

What is a drawback to the client based architecture?

A
  • all data on server must transfer to client for processing.

- can overload network circuits.

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13
Q

Describe client-server architectures.

A
  • balance the processing between the client and the server by having both do some of the logic.
  • client responsible for presentation logic
  • server responsible for data access logic and data storage.
  • application logic can reside on both or be split between both.
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14
Q

What is a strength and disadvantage of the client-server architecture?

A

-software and hardware from different vendors can be used but it’s hard to get them to work together and you need middleware.

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15
Q

What is middleware?

A

-software that sits between the application software on the client and the application software on the server.

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16
Q

What two things does middleware do?

A
  • provides standard way of communicating that can translate between software from different vendors.
  • manage message transfer from clients to servers
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17
Q

Describe a two-tier architecture?

A

-only uses one set of clients and one set of servers.

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18
Q

Describe a three-tier architecture

A
  • uses three sets of computers.
  • Client: presentation logic.
  • server: application logic
  • server: data access logic and data storage.
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19
Q

Describe a n-tier architecture

A
  • client responsible for presentation logic.
  • database server responsible for data access logic and data storage.
  • application logic is spread across two or more different sets of servers.
20
Q

What is an advantage of an n-tier architecture?

A
  • separates processing that occurs to better balance the load on the different servers.
  • is more scalable.
21
Q

What are the disadvantages to an n-tier architecture?

A
  • puts a greater load on the network.

- much more difficult to program and test software.

22
Q

Describe a thin-client.

A

-little or no application on the client.

23
Q

Describe a thick-client.

A

-places all or almost all of the application logic on the client.

24
Q

Describe the distributed computing model.

A

-application systems use web browser as client software with java javascriptor AJAX downloaded as needed.

25
Q

Describe a peer-to-peer architecture.

A
  • all computers act as both a client and a server.

- all clients perform all four function

26
Q

What is scalability?

A

-the ability to increase or decrease the capacity of the servers to meet changing needs.

27
Q

Describe the benefits of the client-server architecture.

A
  • more scalable
  • more reliable
  • the cheapest.
  • enables cloud computing
28
Q

What is server virtualization?

A
  • the opposite of scaling.

- install many virtual or logical servers on the same physical computer.

29
Q

What is green computing?

A

-environmentally sustainable computing.

30
Q

What is HTTP?

A

-the standard protocol for communication between a web broser and a web server.

31
Q

What is a HTTP request?

A

-special packet that contains URL and other information

32
Q

What is an HTTP response?

A

-response or error message from server.

33
Q

What are the three parts of an HTTP request?

A
  • request line: starts with command “get”, provides web page, ends with HTTP version number.
  • request header: variety of option info(browser used and date)
  • request body(info user has typed)
34
Q

What are the three parts of the HTTP response?

A
  • response status: http version number and status code
  • response header: web server, date, and exact URL
  • response body: web page
35
Q

Describe SMTP

A
  • Simple Mail transfer protocol: most commonly used email standard
  • implemented as a two-tier thick client-server application.
36
Q

Describe a two-tier email architecture.

A
  • each client computer runs an application layer software package called a mail user agent(email client)
  • user agent sends SMTP packet to a mail server running a mail transfer agent software packet.
  • covers transmission between mail servers.
37
Q

What do POP and IMAP do?

A

-get mail between receiver’s email client and his or her mail server.

38
Q

Describe POP.

A

-before email can be read, must be copied to clients hard disk and deleted from server.

39
Q

Describe IMAP.

A

-email messages can remain stored on the mail server after they are read.

40
Q

Describe a three-tier thin client-server email architecture.

A
  • uses web server and web browser to provide access to your email.(web-based email).
  • browser sends form information inside http request.
  • server takes http request, builds SMTP packet, sends HTTP response back to client, sends SMTP packet to mail server
  • mail server processes SMTP packet as though it came from a client computer.
41
Q

Describe an SMTP packet.

A

-heasder: source and destination email address, date, subject
-body: word DATA followed by the message.
-

42
Q

What does MIME software do?

A
  • Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension.

- takes nontext files and translates each byte into a special code that looks like regular text.

43
Q

Describe telnet.

A
  • enables users to log in to servers.
  • uses account name and password of an authorized user to log in.
  • keystrokes sent over in plain text.
44
Q

What is videoconferencing?

A

-provides real-time transmission of video and audio signals to enable people in two or more locations to have a meeting.

45
Q

What is webacsting

A

-one-directional videoconferencing.

IS 3413 (11 decks)

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