Chapter 6 Teratogens Flashcards
Teratogens
= substances or events
Alcohol, nicotine, or amount of nutrition
mom being kicked in stomach, heat, or radiation
Any drug or chemical agent that causes abnormal development in a fetus upon exposure
Depend on when the fetus was exposed to the substance and the amount of the substance
Thalidomide
Damage depended on timing of exposure in embryonic period
Tobacco
Risk of LBW Increased mortality Miscarriage Mentally retarded Respiratory diseases
Alcohol
Detrimental structural and psychological effects
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Growth Brain Face Mentally retarded (IQs 65- 70) Behavior
Fetal Alcohol Effect
Mentally retarded
Behavior
Design Issues in Alcohol Research
Amount of control Can only do naturalistic studies Cannot do lab studies (no random assignment) Ethics Cannot assign groups Biases Experimenter: no blind studies Subject: cannot measure truth about amount of drink
Validity issues in alcohol research
Moms who drink during pregnancy…
Control group
Implications
Understanding developmental periods
Long-term exposure
Interventions during pregnancy
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Underweight
18.5 BMI
28-40 lb
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
Normal
18.5-24.9 BMI
25-35 lb
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Overweight
25-29.9 BMI
15-25 lb
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Obese
> 30 BMI
11-20 lb
Where does weight gain come from?
Baby: 5-9 lbs
Placenta: 1-2 lbs
Amniotic fluid: 3-5 lbs
Extra weight of breasts, uterus, fat, & protein stores: 4 -11 lbs
Increased blood volume and fluid volume: 4 - 9 lbs
Exercise During Pregnancy
Helps with: Chronic Hypertension Gestational Diabetes Weight gain during pregnancy C-section Preterm delivery Birth weight
