Chapter 5

Question 1

Stages of Fetal Development

Answer 1

Zygotic (germinal)

Embryonic

Fetal

Question 2

Zygotic

Answer 2

First Stage of Development
From conception upon to implantation
Cell division

Question 3

Embryonic

Answer 3

2nd Stage of Development
Support structures (amnion, chorion, placenta, umbilical cord)
Body organs and systems
Cell migration, differentiation, and death

Question 4

Fetal

Answer 4

3rd Stage of Development

Fatter and Bigger by hyperplasia (# of cells +) & hypertrophy (size of ind. cell +)

Question 5

The fastest rate of human growth occurs during the?

From slides in class

Answer 5

Prenatal life

Question 6

During the first year of life, gains in body weight average about?
(From slides in class)

Answer 6

200% increase

Question 7

Changing Ways to give birth

Answer 7

Cultural differences

Cohort changes

Question 8

Prematurity

Answer 8

Normal gestation =
Normal weight = above 5.5 lb (US average is 7.5 lb)

Born early (less than 38wks or 36wks: Age varies from study to study)
Born tiny (Small for gestational age)

Question 9

Prematurity- Birth Weight

Answer 9

Small for gestational age (SGA)
Full term (40wks)
Preterm (36wks of less)

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW): less than 500g
Very low birth weight (VLBW): 500 - 1500g
Low birth weight (LBW): 1500 - 2500g

Question 10

Cause of Preterm Birth & Birth Weight

Answer 10

Maternal factors
Hormone levels
Infection of the upper genital tract 
Stress 
Genetic factors
Poor nutrition
Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency)
Fetal stress

Question 11

Prematurity Problems

Answer 11

Lung immaturity 
Respiratory distress syndrome 
Lack of oxygen 
Brain damage
Low muscle tone 
Less muscle strength
Greater range of motion 
Delayed onset of motor development

Question 12

Micro Preemies

Answer 12

Early as 22 wks gestational age
Very small… VLBW babies
Viability
Quality of life

Question 13

NICU; are incubatory necessary, but what are the effects?

Answer 13

Problems
Attachment
Unnatural
Sensory deprivation…NO!

Question 14

Enriching the NICU Environment

Answer 14

Waterbed treatment & massage therapy
Side-lying position
Kangaroo Care
Gain weight faster
Regulate sleep quicker
Leave hospital earlier

Question 15

Cerebral Palsy Associated with Prematurity and SGA

Answer 15

Most babies with CP…
SGA & premature
Brain lesions
Abnormal muscle tone (Hypotonia) & Spasticity
Mentally retarded
Associated with…
SES, prenatal care, maternal age, teratogens, & physical trauma