Chapter 6- Social Structures & Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

Define age structures (2)

A
  • Socially structured relations among individuals that affect the lives of people as they age
  • Class and age intersect, advantages in earlier life increase access to opportunities when older
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2
Q

How are gender and age related? (3)

A
  • Gendered social process occur throughout life course
  • Gender inequalities are most visible among older women
  • Females play different social roles, receive different wards, and experience different realities (lower income, caregiving, more poverty)
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3
Q

Describe the the three concepts of age structure. (3)

A
  • Cohort: everyone born in a specific period
  • Generation: unique grouping of adjacent birth cohorts who experienced socio-historical events and behave in a similar way
  • Generational unit: unique subgroups in a generation
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4
Q

Explain the three interrelated social process influenced by age structure. (3)

A
  • Cohort analysis: quantitative or qualitative mehtods to study characteristics or meanings associated with a birth cohort to study social change and stability
  • Generational analysis: comparison of specific cohorts that comprise on basis of socio-historical experiences to understand how social order is maintained or changed
  • Lineage effects: similarities or differences among generations in an extended family
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5
Q

Define age grading (2)

A
  • Process by which age influences elements of social life

- Provides definition of expected rights, behaviour, and responsibilities at a particular age

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6
Q

Has age structures become more segregated or integrated? (2)

A
  • More integrated as norms and structures become less important
  • Social meanings based on age vary from one culture and period to another
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7
Q

Describe structural lag (4)

A
  • Many policies and programs lag behind changing definition and needs of older adults
  • Lack of retirement
  • Few employment options
  • Little social support for those who care for or help their aging parents
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8
Q

Describe cohort and generational effects (2)

A
  • Can introduce social change

- When older people perceive ageism and discrimination, they seek to change status quo

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9
Q

Explain generation gaps (2)

A
  • Inter-generational strain could lead to generation gaps, inequities, or change
  • Exists at family level (lineage gaps), and societal level (societal gaps)
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10
Q

Describe intergenerational transfers (4)

A
  • Transfers of money, property, formal services, in-kind donations
  • Can occur through old to youngest, compulsory or voluntarily, those who demonstrate need, and money
  • Creates a bond between generations
  • Can be understood through direction, sector, content, and nature of transfer
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11
Q

Explain public transfers (4)

A
  • Made from the state to individuals or families
  • Includes education, pension, subsidies
  • Funds come from tax payers who are soon provided services
  • Causes debate over inequities and burden
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12
Q

Describe private transfers (2)

A
  • Occurs in family

- Potential to maintain economic advantage from one generation to the next, or facilitate higher standards of living

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13
Q

Describe generational equity (3)

A
  • Continues to be debated in Canada
  • Intergenerational social contract that assumes that generations with common expectations cooperate to ensure solidarity, support, and generational succession
  • Concerned with financial burden, shifting responsibility, unemployment, and wealth distribution for younger generations
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