Chapter 4- Population Aging Flashcards

1
Q

Explain demography (2)

A
  • Study population in a place over time

- Influenced by fertility, mortality, and migration patterns

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2
Q

Describe the four stages of demographic transition. (3/4/1/3)

A
  1. Population explosion
    - Before IR
    - Most countries had high fertility and mortality
    - Fluctuation in mortality b/c of food, disease and hygiene
  2. Population implosion
    - During IR
    - More concentrated population in small urban areas
    - Conditions improved in many European countries
    - drop in mortality and fertility
  3. Population displosion
    - Population is more heterogeneous b/c of immigration
  4. Technoplosion
    - Spread of tech improving public health
    - Excess fertility and population growth
    - Low mortality and fertility with some fluctuations
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3
Q

Explain epidemiological transition. (2)

A
  • Leading cause of death change from acute to chronic diseases
  • Improvements in food distribution, sanitation, education, and economic development
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4
Q

Describe the demography of aging. (5)

A
  • 8.5% of world is 65+, will increase to 16.7% by 2050
  • 17% in developed, and 6.5% in less developed
  • Population aging is higher in developing nations
  • How each nation adapts requires careful planning and decisions by political leaders and internaitonal agencies
  • Big concern is that population aging will deplete economic growth, but it actually won’t
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5
Q

Explain how Canada’s older population has expanded. (2)

A
  • Accelerated in 2011 when front edge of baby boomers turned 65 (27% of population are baby boomers)
  • 5.95 million Canadians over 65, 1.52 mill over 80, and 8320 are 100+
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6
Q

List the five demographic indices.

A
  • Median age
  • Life expectancy
  • Birth and death rates
  • Sex ratio
  • Dependency ratio
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7
Q

What is the median age of Canada?

A

41.2

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8
Q

Describe life expectancy. (4)

A
  • Increased over time
  • 81 years in Canada, but can vary by four years among different social groups
  • Does not mean improved health or quality of life
  • Should be measured by qualitative indices
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9
Q

Describe birth and death rates (2)

A
  • 11 births and 8 deaths per 1,000 people
  • in 2025, number of deaths will exceed births
  • Population growth will still continue from emigration
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10
Q

Describe the sex ratio.

A
  • Number of males per 100 females in a population

- At birth in CA, 98.5 males per 100 females; at 65+, 83 per 100 females; over 85+, 53 per 100 females

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11
Q

Describe the dependency ratio.

A
  • (# of people younger than 19, and older than 65) / # of people eligible to be in labour force
  • Peaked in 1971
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