Chapter 4- Population Aging Flashcards
1
Q
Explain demography (2)
A
- Study population in a place over time
- Influenced by fertility, mortality, and migration patterns
2
Q
Describe the four stages of demographic transition. (3/4/1/3)
A
- Population explosion
- Before IR
- Most countries had high fertility and mortality
- Fluctuation in mortality b/c of food, disease and hygiene - Population implosion
- During IR
- More concentrated population in small urban areas
- Conditions improved in many European countries
- drop in mortality and fertility - Population displosion
- Population is more heterogeneous b/c of immigration - Technoplosion
- Spread of tech improving public health
- Excess fertility and population growth
- Low mortality and fertility with some fluctuations
3
Q
Explain epidemiological transition. (2)
A
- Leading cause of death change from acute to chronic diseases
- Improvements in food distribution, sanitation, education, and economic development
4
Q
Describe the demography of aging. (5)
A
- 8.5% of world is 65+, will increase to 16.7% by 2050
- 17% in developed, and 6.5% in less developed
- Population aging is higher in developing nations
- How each nation adapts requires careful planning and decisions by political leaders and internaitonal agencies
- Big concern is that population aging will deplete economic growth, but it actually won’t
5
Q
Explain how Canada’s older population has expanded. (2)
A
- Accelerated in 2011 when front edge of baby boomers turned 65 (27% of population are baby boomers)
- 5.95 million Canadians over 65, 1.52 mill over 80, and 8320 are 100+
6
Q
List the five demographic indices.
A
- Median age
- Life expectancy
- Birth and death rates
- Sex ratio
- Dependency ratio
7
Q
What is the median age of Canada?
A
41.2
8
Q
Describe life expectancy. (4)
A
- Increased over time
- 81 years in Canada, but can vary by four years among different social groups
- Does not mean improved health or quality of life
- Should be measured by qualitative indices
9
Q
Describe birth and death rates (2)
A
- 11 births and 8 deaths per 1,000 people
- in 2025, number of deaths will exceed births
- Population growth will still continue from emigration
10
Q
Describe the sex ratio.
A
- Number of males per 100 females in a population
- At birth in CA, 98.5 males per 100 females; at 65+, 83 per 100 females; over 85+, 53 per 100 females
11
Q
Describe the dependency ratio.
A
- (# of people younger than 19, and older than 65) / # of people eligible to be in labour force
- Peaked in 1971