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AnatomyOP > Chapter 6 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Five primary functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, storage, blood cell production, protection, and movement

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2
Q

Supporting connective tissue that contains specialized cells and a matrix consisting of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance

A

Osseous tissue/bone

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3
Q

Four shapes of bones

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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4
Q

The humerus is what type of bone

A

Long bone

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5
Q

The carpal bones are what type of bone

A

Short

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6
Q

Central shaft of long bone

A

Diaphysis

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7
Q

Wider portions at each end of long bone

A

Epiphyses

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8
Q

What are the two types of long bone?

A

Spongy and compact

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9
Q

Outer most layer of bone that attaches muscle

A

Periosteum

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10
Q

Lining of long bone marrow cavities

A

Endosteum

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11
Q

Where would you find the endosteum?

A

In the bone marrow of long bones

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12
Q

Another name for bones

A

Osseous tissue

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13
Q

Each row of bone

A

Lamellae

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14
Q

Empty space left behind after mature cells are removed

A

Lacunae

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15
Q

Circular arrangement for compact bone

A

Osteon

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16
Q

Mature bone cell found between lamellae

A

Osteocytes

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17
Q

One row of bone tissue

A

Lamellae

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18
Q

Empty beds where osteocytes sit on

A

Lacunae

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19
Q

Another name for osteon

A

Haversion system

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20
Q

Finger-like projections coming out of the lacunae where lacunae can complicate with on another

A

Canaliculi

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21
Q

Lining inside of trabeculae bone

A

Endosteum

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22
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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23
Q

Breaks down bow matrix to make calcium available

A

Osteoclasts

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24
Q

In mature bone cells that make and synthesize bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

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25
Q

Mature bone cells are known as ________

A

Osteocytes

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26
Q

Bone building cells are called

A

Osteoblasts

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27
Q

_______ are bone-absorbing cells

A

Osteoblasts

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28
Q

If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds that of osteoblasts in a bone,how will the mass of the bone be affected?

A

The mass of the bone will go down

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29
Q

Process of bone formation that replaces preexisting tissues

A

Ossification

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30
Q

The deposition of mineral salts

A

Calcification

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31
Q

Formation of bone derived from embryological tissues

A

Intramembranous ossification

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32
Q

Bone formation that replaces cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

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33
Q

Flat bones on head are formed through

A

Intramebranous

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34
Q

Long bones formed through

A

Endochondral

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35
Q

Remnant of epiphyseal plate.There is no more cartilage that can be replaced

A

Epiphyseal line

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36
Q

______ erode inner surface as you age

A

Osteoclasts

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37
Q

Synthesized in skin cells

A

Vitamin D3

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38
Q

Important to synthesis of bone matrix

A

Vitamin A and C

39
Q

Promotes bone formation

A

Calcitonin

40
Q

Stimulates osteoclasts activity to make calcium available in blood stream

A

PTH

41
Q

During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone?

A

Mesenchyme

42
Q

How could x-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person had reached full height

A

If they reveal an epiphyseal line instead of a plate

43
Q

A child who enters puberty several years later than the average is generally taller than average, why?

A

Puberty will have a bigger impact on a taller child.

44
Q

Why are pregnant women given calcium supplements and encourages to drink milk even though their skeletons are fully formed?

A

Promotes infant bone growth

45
Q

Process in which we recycle and replace bone tissue

A

Bone remodeling

46
Q

What fraction of skeletal mass is replaced each year in young adults?

A

1/5

47
Q

Key to maintaining normal bone structure and strength

A

Exercise

48
Q

PTH and Calcitriol are ______ with one another

A

Antagonistic

49
Q

Describe bone remodeling

A

The process in which there is a turnover rate for bone where it is recycled and replaced

50
Q

Why would you expect the arm bones of a wight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?

A

Higher levels of stress promote bone thickness

51
Q

What general effects do the hormones PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?

A

PTH and calcitriol will have the same outcome - increase level of calcium in blood. Calcitonin does the opposite, decreases concentration of calcium

52
Q

Part of skeleton that includes the skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column

A

Axial skeleton

53
Q

Part of skeleton that contains pelvic girdle, upper limbs, pectoral girdle, and lower limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

54
Q

What does a tuberosity, trochanter,and a spine have in common?

A

They are all extensions of a particular bone

55
Q

Appendicular or Axial? Clavicle

A

Appendicular

56
Q

Appendicular or Axial? Femur

A

Appendicular

57
Q

Appendicular or Axial? RIb #12

A

Axial

58
Q

Appendicular or Axial? Mandible

A

Axial

59
Q

Appendicular or Axial? Humerus

A

Appendicular

60
Q

Provides surface area for attachment of muscles that support

A

Axial skeleton

61
Q

Functions to protect brain, brain stem, and serabellum,

A

Skull

62
Q

How many bones from the cranium

A

8

63
Q

How many bones form the facial bones?

A

14

64
Q

Separate bones in the skull

A

Sutures

65
Q

Suture separating frontal and parietal bone

A

Coronal suture

66
Q

Suture separating the parietal and temporal bones

A

Squamous suture

67
Q

Suture separating the parietal and occipital bones

A

Lamboid suture

68
Q

The cranial bones are connected with connective tissue called

A

Frontanelles

69
Q

Flexible soft spots that allow for easier delivery of the head

A

Frontanelles

70
Q

The maxilla is part of the _____ cranium

A

Viscera

71
Q

Name one one that contributes to the nasal septum

A

Vomer, palatine, and Ethmoid

72
Q

Functions to protect CNS

A

Vertebral column

73
Q

Name the regions of the spine in order from top to bottom

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

74
Q

How many vertebrae in cervical region

A

7

75
Q

How many vertebrae in thoracic region

A

12

76
Q

How many vertebrae is lumbar region

A

5

77
Q

How many vertebrae in sacral region

A

5

78
Q

How many vertebrae in coccyx region

A

3-5

79
Q

Thoracic and sacral are _______ while lumbar and cervical are _____

A

Convex, concave

80
Q

Primary curves are

A

Thoracic and sacral

81
Q

Secondary curves are

A

Cervical and lumbar

82
Q

Exaggerated thoracic curve

A

Kyphosis

83
Q

Exaggerated lumbar curve

A

Lordosis

84
Q

Abnormal lateral curve

A

Scoliosis

85
Q

_________ can develope lordosis

A

Pregnant women

86
Q

Where the spinal cord is housed

A

Vertebral canal

87
Q

How man pairs of true ribs

A

7

88
Q

How many pairs of false ribs

A

5

89
Q

How many pairs of floating ribs

A

2

90
Q

Three parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

91
Q

In adults, five large vertebrae fuse to form what single structure?

A

Sacrum

92
Q

Why are the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae so large?

A

They will withstand and resist most of the compressive forces. They are the most load-bearing

93
Q

What are the differences between true and false ribs?

A

A true rib is a vertebral eternal rib while a false rib converges on large costal cartilage

94
Q

An important CPR landmark in the rib cage is…

A

The xiphoid process

AnatomyOP (7 decks)

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