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AnatomyOP > Chapter 3 - Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

Aer-

A

Air

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2
Q

Ana-

A

Apart

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3
Q

Chondrion

A

Granule

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4
Q

Chroma

A

Color

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5
Q

Cyto

A

Cell

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6
Q

Endo-

A

Inside

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7
Q

Exo-

A

Outside

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8
Q

Hemo-

A

Blood

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9
Q

Hyper-

A

Above

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10
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

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11
Q

Inter-

A

Between

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12
Q

Interstitium

A

Something standing between

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13
Q

ISO-

A

Equal

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14
Q

Kinesis

A

Motion

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15
Q

Meta-

A

After

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16
Q

Micro-

A

Small

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17
Q

Mitos

A

Thread

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18
Q

Osmos

A

Thrust

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19
Q

Phago-

A

To eat

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20
Q

Pinein

A

To drink

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21
Q

Podon

A

Foot

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22
Q

Pro-

A

Before

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23
Q

Ptosis

A

A falling way

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24
Q

Reticulum

A

Network

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25
Q

Soma

A

Body

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26
Q

Telos

A

End

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27
Q

Tonos

A

Tension

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28
Q

The four concepts of cell theory

A
  1. Cells are the building blocks of life
  2. Cells are the smallest units of life
  3. Cell are produced from other cells
  4. Each cent maintains homeostasis
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29
Q

The study of the structure and function of cells is called

A

Cytology

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30
Q

Separates the cell contents from its watery surrounding environment

A

Cell/plasma membrane

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31
Q

Contents within a cell

A

Cytoplasm

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32
Q

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division

A

Centrioles

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33
Q

Provides strength and support to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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34
Q

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbs

A

Plasma membrane

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35
Q

Membrane extensions containing microfilaments, increase surface area to aid absorption

A

Microvilli

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36
Q

Long extensions containing mircrotubule doublets; movement of material over cell surface

A

Cilia

37
Q

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

A

Proteasomes

38
Q

Function: Protein Synthesis

A

Ribosomes

39
Q

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes, removal of damages organelles or pathogens

A

Lysosomes

40
Q

Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers; functions to store, alter, and package secretary products

A

Golgi apparatus

41
Q

Function: produces ATP

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm; synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

A

Rough ER

44
Q

Synthesized lipids and carbs

A

Smooth ER

45
Q

Water-loving

A

Hydrophilic

46
Q

Water-fearing

A

Hydrophobic

47
Q

Moving ions or molecules across the plasma membrane without any energy

A

Passive transport

48
Q

Movement of ions or molecules that require the cell to use energy

A

Active transport

49
Q

The movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration

A

Diffusion

50
Q

The difference between the high and low concentrations represents a

A

Concentration gradient t

51
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

52
Q

Dissolved materials

A

Solutes

53
Q

An indication of the force of water movement into that solution as a result of solute concentration

A

Osmotic pressure

54
Q

Solution that does not cause a net movement of water into or out of the cell

A

Isotonic solution

55
Q

When rbc’s enter a ____________ solution water will flow into the cell, causing it to swell up like a balloon

A

Hypotonic

56
Q

Cell burst

A

Hemolysis

57
Q

Rbc’s in a ________ solution will lose water and shrivel

A

Hypertonic

58
Q

The shrinking of rbc’s is called

A

Crenation

59
Q

Passive process where hydrostatic pressure forces water across a membrane

A

Filtration

60
Q

Membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substrates and carry them a cross the plasma membran

A

Carrier-mediated transport

61
Q

Compounding passively transporting across the membrane by carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

62
Q

The high-energy bond ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane

A

Active transport

63
Q

Carrier proteins existent in all cells that actively transport the cations sodium potassium calcium and magnesium across the plasma membranes

A

Ion pumps

64
Q

If ions move in opposite directions, it is called an

A

Exchange pump

65
Q

Ejects sodium ions and recaptures lost portassium ions

A

Sodium-potassium exchange pump

66
Q

Materials move into or out of the cell I vesicles

A

Vesicular transport

67
Q

Packaging of extra cellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for import into the cell

A

Endocytosis

68
Q

Produces vesicles containing high concentrations of a specific target molecule

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

69
Q

“Cell drinking”, the formation of small vesicles filled with Extracellular fluid

A

Pinocytosis

70
Q

“Cell eating” produces vesicles containing solid objects that many be as large as the cell itself

A

Phagocytosis

71
Q

Cytoplasmic extensions

A

Pseudopodia

72
Q

A vesicle is created inside the cell and fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extracellular environment

A

Exocytosis

73
Q

Intracellular fluid, contains solved nutrients, ions, solvable and insoluble proteins, and waste products

A

Cytosol

74
Q

Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism

A

Organelles

75
Q

Thinnest strands of the cytoskeleton, attach the plasma membrane to the underlying cytoplasm by forming connections with proteins of the plasma membrane

A

Microfillaments

76
Q

Hollow tubes built from the globular protein tubulin

A

Microtubules

77
Q

Small, finger shaped projections of the plasma membrane on the exposed surfaces of many cells

A

Microvilli

78
Q

A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules

A

Centriole

79
Q

Move cells through the surrounding fluid

A

Flagella

80
Q

The process of mitochondrial energy production is known as

A

Aerobic metabolism

81
Q

Largest most conspicuous structure in a cell

A

Nucleus

82
Q

Consists of a double membrane surrounding the nucleus and separating its fluid contents

A

Nuclear envelope

83
Q

Where chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs

A

Nuclear pores

84
Q

Organelles stoat synthesiZe rRNA and assemble the ribsosomal subunits into functional ribosomes

A

Nucleoli

85
Q

The production of RNA from a single strand of DNA

A

Transcription

86
Q

The assembly of a protein by ribosomes

A

Translation

87
Q

Nuclear division

A

Mitosis

88
Q

Production of sex cells

A

Meiosis

89
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

AnatomyOP (7 decks)

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