Chapter 6: Skeletal system

Question 1

Match the following cell type to its function:

chondroblasts

Answer 1

secrete cartilage matrix

Question 2

Match the following cell type to its function:

osteoclasts

Answer 2

involved in bone resorption

Question 3

Match the following cell type to its function:

chondrocytes

Answer 3

mature cartilage cells

Question 4

Match the following cell type to its function:

osteocytes

Answer 4

mature bone cells

Question 5

Match the following cell type to its function:

osteoblasts

Answer 5

cells that form bone

Question 6

If hands are not properly positioned when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there is a risk of fracturing which bony part?

a. lateral end of the clavicle
b. head of the humerus
c. manubrium of sternum
d. xiphoid process of the sternum
e. spine of the scapula

Answer 6

d. xiphoid process of the sternum

Question 7

The ribs articulate with the…

a. thoracic vertebrae
b. sacrum
c. cervical vertebrae
d. lumbar vertebrae
e. atlas and axis

Answer 7

a. thoracic vertebrae

Question 8

Put in the right name:

……….: run lengthwise through bone; contain blood vessels and nerves

Answer 8

central (haversian) canal

Question 9

Put in the right name:

……….: connect central canals with lacunae

Answer 9

canaliculi

Question 10

Put in the right name:

……….: concentric rings of matrix

Answer 10

lamellae

Question 11

Put in the right name:

……….: connect nutrient arteries and nerves from the periosteum to the central canals

Answer 11

perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Question 12

Put in the right name:

……….: spaces that contain osteocytes

Answer 12

lacunae

Question 13

The presence of an epiphyseal line in a long bone indicates that the bone…

a. is undergoing resorption.
b. has stopped growing in length.
c. is growing in diameter.
d. is still capable of growing in length.
e. is broken.

Answer 13

b. has stopped growing in length.

Question 14

The hyoid bone is unique because it…

a. is the smallest bone in the skull.
b. can malform causing a cleft palate.
c. forms the paranasal sinuses.
d. is often broken when an individual falls forward.
e. does not articulate with any other bone.

Answer 14

e. does not articulate with any other bone.

Question 15

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the

a. clavicle and scapula
b. scapula and sternum
c. humerus and scapula
d. clavicle and humerus
e. coxal bones

Answer 15

a. clavicle and scapula

Question 16

The main hormone that regulates the Ca^2+ balance between bone and blood is…

a. parathyroid hormone
b. thyroid hormone
c. testosterone
d. insulinlike growth factors
e. human growth hormone

Answer 16

a. parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT describe spongy bone?

a. tends to be lightweight
b. found primarily in the diaphyses of long bones.
c. composed of units called trabeculae
d. site of blood cell production
e. contain large spaces between trabeculae.

Answer 17

b. found primarily in the diaphyses of long bones.

Question 18

In which of the following individulas might you expect to find the smalles bone mass?

a. 20-year-old male weightlifter
b. 45-year-old female weightlifter
c. 45-year-old male astronaut
d. 80-year-old bedridden female
e. 65-year-old bedridden male

Answer 18

d. 80-year-old bedridden female

Question 19

Place the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order:

1. Hyaline cartilage remains on the articular surfaces and epiphyseal plates.
2. chondroblasts produce a growing hyaline cartilage model surrounded by the perichondrium.
3. nutrien artery penetrates perichondrium and osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which begin to produce compact bone.
4. seondary ossification centers form at epiphyses.
5. primary ossification center and medullary cavity form.

a. 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
b. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1
c. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4
d. 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
e. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

Answer 19

b. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1

Question 20

Match the bone to its shape:

humerus

Answer 20

long

Question 21

Match the bone to its shape:

carpus

Answer 21

short

Question 22

Match the bone to its shape:

vertebra

Answer 22

irregular

Question 23

Match the bone to its shape:

sternum

Answer 23

flat

Question 24

Where long bones form joints, the epiphyses are covered with…

a. yellow bone marrow
b. osteoclasts
c. periosteum
d. endosteum
e. hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

e. hyaline cartilage

Question 25

What substance in bone contributes to its tensile strength?

a. red bone marrow
b. collagen
c. yellow bone marrow
d. mineral salts
e. loose fibrous connective tissue

Answer 25

b. collagen

Question 26

The skeletal system is responsible for…

a. protecting internal organs from injury.
b. assisting in movement
c. providing a supporting framework for the body.
d. hemopoiesis
e. all of the above

Answer 26

e. all of the above.