Chapter 21: Urinary system

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

a. regulation of blood volume and composition
b. stimulation of red blood cell production
c. regulation of body temperature
d. regulation of blood pressure
e. regulation of blood pH

Answer 1

c. regulation of body temperature

Question 2

Which of the following structures is located in the renal cortex?

a. the renal pyramid
b. the renal column
c. the major calyx
d. the minor calyx
e. the renal corpuscle

Answer 2

e. the renal corpuscle

Question 3

Match the following:

aldosterone

Answer 3

……….: enhances reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+

Question 4

Match the following:

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 4

……….: inhibits Na+ and H20 reabsorption

Question 5

Match the following:

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 5

……….: increases H2O reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Match the following:

parathyroid hormone

Answer 6

……….: stimulates CA^2+ reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption

Question 7

Match the following:

diuretics

Answer 7

……….: decreases H2O reabsorption

Question 8

Match the following:

angiotensin II

Answer 8

……….: enhances Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

The major openings located in the base of the bladder are the…

a. renal artery, renal vein and urethra
b. renal artery, renal vein and ureter
c. ureter, urethra and collecting tubes
d. urethra and two ureters
e. external urethral sphincter and two ureters

Answer 9

d. urethra and two ureters

Question 10

A protective barrier that helps prevent kidney trauma is the…

a. renal pelvis
b. renal corpuscle
c. renal capsule
d. detrusor musle
e. renal hilum

Answer 10

c. renal capsule

Question 11

Place the following structures in the correct order for the flow of urine:

1. renal tubules
2. minor calyx
3. renal pelvis
4. major calyx
5. collecting ducts
6. ureters

a. 1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 5
b. 5, 1, 4, 2, 3, 6
c. 5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 6
d. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6
e. 1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 6

Answer 11

e. 1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 6

Question 12

The functional unit of the kidney where urine is produced is the…

a. nephron
b. pyramid
c. pelvis
d. glomerulus
e. calyx

Answer 12

a. nephron

Question 13

What causes filtration of plasma across the filtration membrane?

a. a full urinary bladder
b. control by the nervous system
c. water retention
d. the pressure of the blood in the glomerular capillaries
e. the pressure of urine in the capsular space

Answer 13

d. the pressure of the blood in the glomerular capillaries

Question 14

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the…

a. rate of urinary bladder filling
b. amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys each minute
c. amount of filtrate reabsorbed at the collecting ducts
d. amount of blood delivered to the kidneys each minute
e. amount of urine formed per hour

Answer 14

b. amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys each minute

Question 15

Which of the following is normally secreted into the tubular fluid from the blood?

a. hydrogen ions (H+)
b. amino acids
c. glucose
d. water
e. white blood cells

Answer 15

a. hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 16

In the nephron, tubular fluid that is reabsorbed from the renal tubules enters the…

a. glomerulus
b. peritubular capillaries
c. efferent arteriole
d. afferent arteriole
e. renal artery

Answer 16

b. peritubular capillaries

Question 17

Place the following structures in the correct order as they are involved in the formation of urine in the nephrons.

1. distal convoluted tubule
2. renal corpuscle
3. descending limb of nephron loop
4. proximal convoluted tubule
5. collectin duct
6. ascending limb of nephron loop

a. 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5
b. 2, 6, 3, 1, 5, 4
c. 2, 4, 3, 6, 5, 1
d. 2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 5
e. 5, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2

Answer 17

d. 2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 5

Question 18

Blood is carried out of the glomerulus by the…

a. renal artery
b. afferent arteriole
c. peritubular venule
d. segmental artery
e. efferent arteriole

Answer 18

e. efferent arteriole

Question 19

Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

a. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
b. constriction of the afferent arterioles
c. increased sympathetic stimulation to the afferent arterioles
d. ADH
e. angiotensin II

Answer 19

a. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning tubular reabsorption is NOT true?

a. most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules.
b. reabsorption restores all of the filtered glucose and amino acids.
c. tubular reabsorption is a primary controller of blood pH.
d. the reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubules depends on reabsorption of solutes.
e. tubular reabsorption allows the body to retain most filtered nutrients.

Answer 20

c. tubular reabsorption is a primary controller of blood pH.

Question 21

The micturition reflex…

a. is under the control of hormones
b. is activated by low pressure in the urinary bladder.
c. depends on contraction of the internal urethral sphincter muscle.
d. is an involuntary reflex over which normal adults have voluntary control.
e. is also known as incontinence.

Answer 21

d. is an involuntary reflex over which normal adults have voluntary control.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT normally present in glomerular filtrate?

a. blood cells
b. glucose
c. nitrogenous wastes such as urea
d. amino acids
e. water

Answer 22

a. blood cells

Question 23

Urine formation requires which of the following?

a. glomerular filtration and tubular secretion only.
b. glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption only.
c. glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.
d. tubular reabsorption, tubular filtration and tubular secretion.
e. tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption only

Answer 23

c. glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.

Question 24

The transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder is the function of the…

a. urethra
b. efferent arteriole
c. afferent arteriole
d. renal pyramids
e. ureters

Answer 24

e. ureters

Question 25

Which of the following characteristics do the urinary bladder and ureters have in common?

a. ability to store urine
b. mucosa layer with transitional epithelium
c. three layers of smooth muscle
d. sphincters to control urine flow
e. peritoneal covering

Answer 25

b. mucosa layer with transitional epithelium