Chapter 12: Senses

Question 1

You enter a sauna and it feels awfully hot, but soon the temperature feels comfortably warm. What have you experienced?

a. damaged to your thermoreceptors
b. sensory adaption
c. a change in the temperature of the sauna
d. inactivation of your thermoreceptors
e. temporary damage to sensory neurons

Answer 1

b. sensory adaption

Question 2

The lacrimal glands produce ………., which drain(s) into the ……….

a. tears - anterior cavity
b. tears - nasal cavity
c. the vitreous body - vitreous chamber
d. aqueous humor - anterior cavity
e. aqueous humor - scleral venous sinus

Answer 2

b. tears - nasal cavity

Question 3

The spiral organ (organ of Corti) …

a. contains hair cells
b. is responsible for equilibrium
c. is filled with perilymph
d. is another name for the auditory (eustachian) tube
e. transmits auditory nerve impulses to the brain

Answer 3

a. contains hair cells

Question 4

Equilibrium and the activities of muscles and joints are monitored by…

a. olfactory receptors
b. nocireceptors
c. tactile receptors
d. proprioceptors
e. thermoreceptors

Answer 4

d. proprioceptors

Question 5

In the retina, cone photoreceptors…

a. are more numerous than rods
b. contain the photopigment rhodopsin
c. are more sensitive to low light levels than are rods.
d. tend to be highly concentrated in the optic disc.
e. provide higher acuity of vision than do rods.

Answer 5

e. provide higher acuity of vision than do rods.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT required for a sensation to occur?

a. the presence of a stimulus
b. a receptor specialized to detect a stimulus.
c. the presence of slowly adapting receptors.
d. a sensory neuron to conduct impulses.
e. a region of the brain for integration of the nerve impulse.

Answer 6

e. a region of the brain for integration of the nerve impulse.

Question 7

Match the function with its receptor:

color vision

Answer 7

cone photoreceptors

Question 8

Match the function with its receptor:

taste

Answer 8

gustatory receptor cells

Question 9

Match the function with its receptor:

smell

Answer 9

olfactory receptor

Question 10

Match the function with its receptor:

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 10

cristae

Question 11

Match the function with its receptor:

vision in dim light

Answer 11

rod photoreceptor

Question 12

Match the function with its receptor:

stretch in a muscle

Answer 12

muscle spindle

Question 13

Match the function with its receptor:

static equilibrium

Answer 13

maculae

Question 14

Match the function with its receptor:

pressure

Answer 14

pacinian corpuscle

Question 15

Match the function with its receptor:

touch

Answer 15

Meissner corpuscle

Question 16

Match the function with its receptor:

detection of pain

Answer 16

nocireceptor

Question 17

The type of pain that can be precisely localized is…

a. referred pain
b. fast pain
c. slow pain
d. chronic pain
e. none of the above because pain cannot be localized.

Answer 17

b. fast pain

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics of taste is NOT true?

a. olfaction can affect taste.
b. three cranial nerves conduct the impulses for taste to the brain.
c. taste adaption occurs quickly.
d. humans can recognize about 10 primary tastes.
e. taste receptors are located in taste buds on the tounge, on the roof of the mouth, in the throat and in the epiglottis.

Answer 18

d. humans can recognize about 10 primary tastes.

Question 19

An ice skater is spinning rapidly on the ice. What is occuring in her inner ear?

a. the hair cells on the macula are responding to changes in static equilibrium.
b. the hair cells in the cochlea are responding to changes in dynamic equilibrium.
c. the cristae of each semicircular duct are responding to changes in dynamic equilibrium.
d. the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve is transmitting nerve impulses to the brain related to equilibrium.
e. the auditory (eustachian) tube is adjusting for varying air pressures.

Answer 19

c. the cristae of each semicircular duct are responding to changes in dynamic equilibrium.

Question 20

Kinesthesia is the…

a. perception of body movements.
b. ability to identify an object by feeling it.
c. sensation of weightlessness that occurs in outer space.
d. decrease in sensitivity of receptors to a prolonged stimulus.
e. movement of body parts in a rhytmic manner.

Answer 20

a. perception of body movements.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true about nocireceptors?

a. they respond to stimuli that may cause tissue damage.
b. they consist of free nerve endings.
c. they can be activated by excessive stimuli from other sensations.
d. they are found in virtually every body tissue except the brain.
e. they adapt very rapidly.

Answer 21

e. they adapt very rapidly.

Question 22

The sense of smell…

a. requires the presence of dissolved odorants
b. is transmitted through olfactory nerves and olfactory tracts.
c. evokes emotional responses because of limbic system involvement.
d. is initiated by stimulating olfactory hairs.
e. is described by all of the above statements.

Answer 22

e. is described by all of the above statements.

Question 23

Transmission of vibrations (sound waves) from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is accomplished by…

a. neurons
b. the tectorial membrane
c. the auditory ossicles
d. the endolymph
e. the auditory (eustachian) tube

Answer 23

c. the auditory ossicles.

Question 24

Match the following:

……….. focuses light rays onto the retina

Answer 24

lens

Question 25

Match the following: .......... regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Answer 25

iris

Question 26

Match the following: .......... contains aqueous humor

Answer 26

anterior cavity

Question 27

Match the following: .......... contains blood vessels that help nourish the retina

Answer 27

choroid

Question 28

Match the following: .......... hole in the middle of the iris

Answer 28

pupil

Question 29

Match the following: .......... dense connective tissue that provides shape to the eye.

Answer 29

sclera

Question 30

Match the following: .......... contains photoreceptors

Answer 30

retina

Question 31

Which of the following structures refracts light rays entering the eye? a. cornea b. sclera c. pupil d. retina e. conjunctiva

Answer 31

a. cornea

Question 32

Your 45-year-old neighbor has recently begun to have difficulty reading the morning newspaper. You explain that this condition is known as .......... and is due to .......... a. myopia - inability of his eyes to properly focus light on his retinas. b. night blindness - a vitamin A deficiency. c. binocular vision - the eyes focusing on two different objects. d. astigmatism - an irregularity in the curvature of the lens. e. presbyopia - the loss of elasticity in the lens.

Answer 32

e. presbyopia - the loss of elasticity in the lens.

Question 33

Damage to cells in the fovea centralis would interfere with... a. convergence b. accommodation c. visual acuity d. ability to see in dim light e. intraocular pressure

Answer 33

c. visual acuity

Question 34

Place the following events concerning the visual pathway in the correct order: 1. Nerve impulses exit the eye via the optic nerve. 2. Optic tract axons terminate in the thalamus. 3. Light reaches the retina. 4. Rods and cones are stimulated. 5. Synapses occur in the thalamus and continue to the primary visual area in the occipital lobe. 6. Ganglion cells generate nerve impulses. a. 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3 b. 5, 4, 1, 3, 2, 6 c. 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 2 d. 3, 4, 6, 1, 2, 5 e. 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2

Answer 34

d. 3, 4, 6, 1, 2, 5

Question 35

Place the following events of the auditory pathway in the correct order: 1. hair cells in the spiral organ bend as they rub agains the tectorial membrane. 2. movement in the oval window begins movement in the perilymph. 3. nerve impulses exit the ear via the vestibulocochlear nerve. 4. the eardrum and auditory ossicles transmit vibrations from sound waves. 5. pressure waves from the perilymph cause bulging of the round window and formation of pressure waves in the endolymph. a. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 b. 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 c. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 d. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 e. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3

Answer 35

a. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3