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Anatomy > Chapter 6 : Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 : Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System

A

Composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments joined tightly together to form a strong, flexible framework for the body

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2
Q

Skeleton functions

A

Protection, support, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation

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3
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Connective tissue with a hardened matrix (deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals), part of the composition of a bone

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4
Q

Classification of bones

A

Classified based on shape and corresponding function

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5
Q

Four categories for classification of bones

A

Long bones, short bones, irregular bones, flat bones

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6
Q

General features of bones

A

Epiphysis, diaphysis, medullary cavity

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of bones, composed of cancellous (spongy) bone

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone, composed of compact bone

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9
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Contains yellow bone marrow, epiphyiseal plate

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10
Q

Four main types of bone cells

A

Osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts (bone is also a composite)

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11
Q

Matrix

A

Composed of inorganic and organic components

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12
Q

Inorganic component

A

Hydroxyapatite (composed mainly of CaPO4 salt)

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13
Q

Organic components

A

Protein and carbohydrate, collagen

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14
Q

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells

A

Give rise to osteoblasts, osteocytes

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15
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells, found along endosteum and periosteum, secrete osteocalcin

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16
Q

Osteon (haversian system)

A

Basic structural unit of compact bone

17
Q

Central (haversian) canal

A

Surrounded by concentric lamellae (matrix)

18
Q

Perforating canals

A

Transverse or diagonal passages into the central canal, originate at nutrient foramen?

19
Q

Spongy bone

A

Composed by a network of trabeculae, spaces filled with red marrow, beams arranged to sustain stress

20
Q

Bone development

A

Ossification or osteogenesis (formation of bone)

21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Former osteoblasts that have been trapped in their lacunae, maintain bony matrix, strain sensors

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone-dissolving cells

23
Q

Bone development (two methods)

A

Intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

24
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Produces flat bones of skull and clavicles (starts with osteoid and end with diploe)

25
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Bone develops from a hyaline model

26
Q

Bone elongation

A

Involves epiphyseal plates (hyaline cartilage between two transitional zones (metaphysis))

27
Q

Zones of metaphysis

A

Reverse cartilage, cell proliferation, cell hypertrophy, calcification, bone deposition (spongy bone)

28
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Result from growth of cartilage within the metaphysis, finite process (epiphyseal lane)

29
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth in diameter and thickness (circumferential lamellae)

30
Q

Mineral deposition

A

Calcium and phosphate are allowed to reach their solubility product (precipitate in the matrix), ectopic ossification (abnormal calcification of soft tissue)

31
Q

Mineral resorption

A

HC1 secreted by osteoclasts, acid phosphatase (absorbs collagen)

32
Q

Fracture

A

Break in the bone

33
Q

Two types of fractures

A

Stress and pathological

34
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Fibrous mass of capillaries and cells

35
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Sever loss of bone diversity, osteoclast more active than osteoblasts

36
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Most common and deadly form of bone career, metastasizes quickly

37
Q

Remodeling

A

Wolff’s law of bone - the architecture of bone is determined by the mechanical stresses placed up to it, bone adapts to withstand stress

38
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bones (defect in collagen deposition

Anatomy (8 decks)

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