Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

Includes skin and the accessory organs found within the skin

Question 2

Skin functions

Answer 2

Prevent dehydration, protect from injury, serve as defense against microorganisms, regulate body temperature, make vitamin D, provide sensation, nonverbal communication

Question 3

Epidermis structure

Answer 3

Outer layer, stratified squamous epithelial cells, no blood vessels, specialized keratinocytes, and melanocytes

Question 4

Dermis structure

Answer 4

Deeper layer, support tissues, fibers

Question 5

Hypodermis structure

Answer 5

Third layer possibly, adipose and vascular

Question 6

Epidermis tissue

Answer 6

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Epidermis cell types

Answer 7

Regenerative stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells

Question 8

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 8

From deepest
1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
- keratohyaline granules — filaggrin
- Lamellated granules
4. Stratum lucidum 
- thick skin only (palms and soles)
S. Stratum corneum

Question 9

Melanin

Answer 9

The more produced, the darker the color

Question 10

Hemoglobin

Answer 10

Reddish- pink skin tones

Question 11

Carotene

Answer 11

Yellow hue to skin, concentrates in stratum corneum

Question 12

Dermis

Answer 12

Connective tissue layer deep to the epidermis, attached to the epidermis via dermal papillae, interlocking arrangement with epidermal ridges

Question 13

2 layers of dermis

Answer 13

1. Papillary
   - alveolar
2. Reticular
   - dense irregular

Question 14

Accessory structures of dermis (6)

Answer 14

Hair : shaft, follicle
Smooth muscle : attached to hair follicle, raises hair to upright position
Oil glands/sebaceous glands : secretion moistens and softens skin
Sweat glands : secrete sweat, help in temperature regulation
- apocrine and merocrine
Blood vessels : supply nutrients, remove waste, assist in temperature regulation
Sensory nerve endings : for heat, cold, touch, deep pressure, vibration

Question 15

Hypodermis

Answer 15

Binds skin to underlying tissue
Functions as padding and insulation - subcutaneous fat
Readily absorbs drugs given by hypodermic injection - highly vascular

Question 16

Pili (singular - pilus)

Answer 16

Composed of hard, dead keratinized cells

Question 17

Hair

Answer 17

Grow from a follicle that is typically found in the Dermis

Question 18

Hair divided into three zones

Answer 18

1. Bulb which lies in the follicle
2. Root
3. Shaft

Question 19

Nails

Answer 19

Scale-like modifications of the epidermis (stratum corneum)

Dead cells full of parallel hard keratin

Question 20

Skin disorders Types (3)

Answer 20

1. Basal cell carcinoma
   - most common, stratum basale
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
   - Stratum spinosum
3. Malignant melanoma
   - most deadly, melanocytes

Question 21

Skin cancer

Answer 21

One of the most prevalent cancers, UV radiation damages cells

Question 22

Burns

Answer 22

Classified based on depth of tissue involvement

Question 23

First degree burn

Answer 23

Epidermis

-Red, slight swelling

Question 24

Second degree burn

Answer 24

Epidermis and into part of the dermis

• red to white, more painful
• regeneration of epidermis possible

Question 25

Third degree burn

Answer 25

Full-thickness, completely through dermis

• tan to brown, danger of fluid loss and infection
• generally require skin grafts to replace dermis and epidermis