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Anatomy > Chapter 4: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium

A

Cellularity, Specialized Connections, Polarity, Connective Tissue Support, Avascular, and Regeneration

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2
Q

Cellularity

A

Almost entirely composed of closely-packed cells.

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3
Q

Specialized Connections

A

Continuous sheet of cells, Tight junctions and desmosomes

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4
Q

Polarity

A

Apical surface and basal surface, Basal lamina

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5
Q

Connective Tissue Support

A

All epithelium supported by connective tissue, Reticular lamina, Basal lamina (epithelial) + reticular lamina (protein and connective) = basement membrane

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6
Q

Avascular

A

No blood vessels within epithelium, Is innervated

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7
Q

Regeneration

A

High regenerative capacity

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8
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Thin and permeable; found where rapid filtration and diffusion is desired; kidneys, lungs

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9
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Function in secretion and absorption; found in tubules of the kidneys and in ducts of glands

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10
Q

Simple columnar

A

Function in secretion and absorption; found in stomach, intestines, uterus, uterine tubes

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11
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Function in secretion, absorption, and motility of mucus; cells vary in height but all cells touch the basement membrane, found in the respiratory tract and male urethra

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12
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Most abundant stratified epithelium; functions in protection against abrasion; found on outer layer of skin and extend a short way into every body opening that is continuous with the skin; keratinized and non-keratinized

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Functions in secretion and sperm production; found in sweat gland, ovaries, seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Function in protection and secretion; rare, found in ducts of large glands, male urethra

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15
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Functions to allow distention of the urinary bladder; found in the bladder; basal cells are typically cuboidal; apical cells vary in shape

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16
Q

Glandular epithelia

A

Endocrine or exocrine

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17
Q

Glands

A

Cells or organs that secretes a substance for use or elimination; originate from invagination of epithelial tissue

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18
Q

Unicellular glands

A

Composed of one cell that secretes its products into its soundings

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19
Q

Serous glands

A

Thin watery fluids

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20
Q

Mucus glands

A

Secrete mucin that is converted into mucus upon absorption of water

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21
Q

Cytogenic glands

A

Secrete whole cells; testes and ovaries

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22
Q

Epithelial surface features (3 ways)

A

Adhesion proteins, interdigitating folds, and specialized junctions

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23
Q

Specialized junctions

A

Desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions

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24
Q

Basal features

A

Basement membrane - basal lamina, reticular fibers

25
Q

Apical features

A

Microvilli, cilia

26
Q

Connective tissue

A

Found everywhere in body and most widely distributed

27
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

Connects, supports, protection, insulation, and transportation

28
Q

Connective tissue four main classes

A

Fibrous tissue and fat, cartilage, bone, and blood

29
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

Common origin, degree of vascularity, extracelluar matrix

30
Q

Common origin

A

All arise from mesenchyme

31
Q

Degree of vascularity

A

Some avascular, while others highly vascular

32
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Tissue made up mostly of matrix, ground substance

33
Q

Ground substance

A

Interstitial fluid between the cells allows for diffusion between blood vessels and cells; CAP, GAP, Proteoglycans

34
Q

Fibers

A

Provide support; collagen, elastic, reticular

35
Q

Connective tissue cells

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes

36
Q

Areolar

A

Serves to support most epithelium, very loose fibers run in various directions

37
Q

Reticular

A

Framework of “soft organs” and spleen

38
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar and reticular

39
Q

Areolar

A

Serves to support most epithelium, very loose fibers run in various directions

40
Q

Reticular

A

Framework of “soft organs”

41
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular and dense irregular

42
Q

Dense regular

A

Composed of closely packed parallel collagen fibers, fibroblast only type of cell, tendons and ligaments

43
Q

Dense irregular

A

Thick collagen fibers running in various direction; compose the dermis, and fibrous sheaths around various organs

44
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue

45
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Composed of adipocytes that store fat, functions as insulation and support, most fat is white fat, children also produce brown fat for heat production

46
Q

Cartilage

A

Supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matrix, chondroblasts secrete matrix until they are trapped - chondrocytes,

Avascular - dependent on diffusion; slow metabolism, slow to heal

47
Q

Cartilage three types

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

48
Q

Hyaline

A

Clear glassy matrix with collagen fiber; found at the ends of bones, larynx, trachea, and chest; composes fetal skeleton

49
Q

Elastic

A

Matrix composed of elastic fibers; perichondrium sheaths; Ear, epiglottis

50
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Matrix composed of thick parallel collagen bundles; no perichondrium sheath; pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci, compression and shock absorption, sometimes transition between dense connective tissue and hyaline

51
Q

Bone

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral, and fat storage, blood production

Hard solid matrix

52
Q

Osseous tissue (bone)

A

Spongy, compact

53
Q

Hard calcified matrix containing collagen fibers (bone)

A

Deposited in concentric lamellae around central canal - blood vessels and nerves; osteoblasts, osteocytes osteoclasts

54
Q

Blood

A

Fluid connective tissue - formed elements in a fluid matrix (plasma); transport nutrients, wastes, gases; found within blood vessels

55
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Highly cellular, well vascularized tissues responsible for movement, capable of contraction and producing tension

56
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, smooth cardiac

57
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Main component of nervous system - regulates and controls various functions, capable of transmitting electrical impulses

58
Q

Nervous tissue types

A

Neurons - conduct impulse, supporting cells - nonconducting, insulate, and protect neurons

Anatomy (8 decks)

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