Chapter 6 Relationships and patterns In Chemistry Flashcards
Periods
Go up and down, aka a family
Elements in the same chemical family have…
It he same chemical properties
Why do elements in the same chemical family have similar properties
They have the same number of valence electrons.
The most metallic elements are located….
The most non metallic elements are located….
Bottom left, upper right
Alkali metals
Most reactive metals. Violent with water
Halogens
Most reactive elements
Trend of atomic radii
Elements are larger in the bottom left.
Ionization energy increases
Upper right
Ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous ion
Electronegativity
The ability of an attracted element to pull elements twoards it.
What affects atomic radii?
The number of valence electrons:makes it larger
The number of protons, makes it smaller
Metal bonded to a nonmetal
Ionic
Non metal to a non metal
Covalent
Metal to a metal
Metallic
How to determine the type of bonds
Take the absolute value of the difference between electronegativities and use the chart
What is the bond chart
0 -non polar covalent
Anything up to .4 -mostly covalent
.4-1.7 polar covalent
More than 1.7 - ionic
Network covalent bonds
The bond is the whole substance, not just one element to another
It is hydrogen bonding when hydrogen is connected to
Nitrogen oxygen and fluorine
It is dipole dipole when
There is a partially positive and a partially negative side
How to tell if a molecule is polar.
If it has a partially positive and a partially negative side
How to tell if it is a London dispersion force
If it is equally dispersed.
How to calculate formal charge ?
Use the formula: valence electrons - (dots plus dashes)
How to determine the correct isomer
Preform the formal charge for each element
Whichever structure has an answer closer to 0 wins
What is planks constant
6.626 x 10^-34 js
How to deal with a pes spectrum
Look at the elements and use a magical technique called guessing. Assign the first peak as 1s and so on
In a pes structure, when the spectrum displays the first 2 peaks as different what is going on.
Since they are not the same, assume they are choosing not to show the s orbitals. The first one would b 2p
Weak imfs have a ____ melting point and strong imfs have a _____ one
Low, high
Weak imfs have a ____ rate of evaporation and strong imfs have a _____ one
High, low
Vapor pressure
The even rate of evaporating and condensing
Weak imfs have a ____ vapor pressure and strong imfs have a _____ one
High, low
Weak imfs have a ____ boiling point and strong imfs have a _____ one
Low, high
Viscosity:
the resistance of a liquid to flow.
Who is known as the evil version of Santa
Krampus O.o
Weak imfs have a ____ viscosity and strong imfs have a _____ one
Low, high
Weak imfs have a ____ surface tension and strong imfs have a _____ one
Low, high
Single bonds are only this kind of bond
What is a sigma bond (correct wise one)
Double bonds are these kinds of bonds
Both sigma and pi bonds
Triple bonds have these kind of bonds in this order
Sigma, pi, pi
Groups
Go from right to left
What makes ionization have its trend
As you go left, the protons increase, adding to the overall charge, and hold on the electrons
As you go up. There are less shielding electrons
What makes electronegativity have its trend
As you go up, less shielding, so a stronger overall charge, as you go right, more protons, and more charge
The twilight zone
It is another dimension: A dimension of sound, a dimension of sight, a dimension of mind. A land of both shadow and
substance, of things and ideas.
You’ve just crossed over into… the Twilight Zone.
