Chapter 6 - Reading Smoke Flashcards

1
Q

The products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis; it includes an aggregate of particles, aerosols, and fire gases that are toxic, flammable and volatile.

A

Smoke

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2
Q

The chemical breakdown of compounds into other substances by heat alone.

A

Pyrolysis

also known as pyrolitic decomposition

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3
Q

This is carbon and can support flaming?

A

Soot (officially “carbon black”)

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4
Q

This is the trace metals and minerals (depleted salts) that can no longer support flame.

A

Ash

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5
Q

Two triggers cause accumulated smoke to ignite:

A

the right temperature and the right mixture

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6
Q

An avenue that heat, smoke, flames and combustion air flow.

A

Flow path

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7
Q

A rapid fire growth phenomenon that occurs when combustible air is reintroduced into a ventilation-controlled fire, leading to smoke flame-over and room flash overs.

A

Explosive growth phase

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8
Q

Six phased growth model

1.

A
  1. Ignition (incipient) phase

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9
Q

Six phased growth model

2.

A
  1. Initial growth phase

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10
Q

Six phased growth model

3.

A
  1. Ventilation limited phase

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11
Q

Six phased growth model

4.

A
  1. Explosive growth phase

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12
Q

A hostile fire event that includes the ignition and sustained burning of the overhead smoke layer within a room and/or hallway.

A

Flame-over

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13
Q

Six phased growth model

5.

A
  1. Fully developed phase

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14
Q

Six phased growth model

6.

A
  1. Decay phase

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15
Q

An explosive event that occurs when air is suddenly reintroduced into a closed space that is filled with pressurized, ignition-temperature, and oxygen deprived products of combustion and pyrolysis.

A

Backdraft

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16
Q

A fire behavior phenomenon that can suddenly harm firefighters; events include explosive growth phase, flashover, backdraft, smoke explosion and flame-over.

A

Hostile fire event

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17
Q

A hostile fire event that occurs when a spark or flame is introduced into a pocket of smoke that is below ignition temperature but above some aggregate flashpoint. The result is a split second ignition (and rapid expansion) of that pocket with no sustained burning.

A

Smoke explosion

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18
Q

A hostile fire event warning sign that is characterized as the intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke; usually seen as fingers of flame that dance through the upper smoke layer.

A

Ghosting

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19
Q

A hostile fire event that occurs when a spark or flame is introduced into a pocket of smoke that is below ignition temperature but above some aggregate flashpoint. The result is a split second ignition (and rapid expansion) of that pocket with no sustained burning.

A

Smoke explosion

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20
Q

A sudden hostile fire event that occurs when all the surfaces and contents of a space reach their ignition temperature nearly simultaneously, resulting in full room fire involvement.

A

Flashover

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21
Q

Smoke has four distinctive characteristics or attributes that combine to tell a story: ?

A

Volume, velocity, density and color
(VVCD)

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22
Q

A slang term for smoke that is high-volume, has turbulent velocity, is ultra-dense, and is deep black; a sign of impending auto ignition and flashover.

A

Black fire

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23
Q

An avenue that heat, smoke, flames, and combustion air flow.

24
Q

Two forces cause smoke to pressurize in a building:?

A

Convection heat and smoke volume

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25
Generally speaking, the faster smoke moves, the more _____ it has.
Heat p86
26
If the flow of smoke is described as agitated, boiling or angry it is considered?
Turbulent p86
27
If the flow of smoke is described as smooth, calm or following a straight line it is considered?
Laminar p86
28
Turbulent smoke is caused by?
Serious heat p87
29
Smoke that is being developed by pyrolysis begins?
Laminar p87
30
, turbulent smoke that has filled a compartment is a warning sign of impending?
Flashover p87
31
The most important smoke observation is whether it’s velocity is ?
Turbulent or laminar p87
32
Turbulent smoke is ready to ?
Ignite p87
33
Laminar smoke leaving a building doesn’t mean safe; it only means that the box is?
Still absorbing heat p87
34
Faster smoke is closer to ?
the fire seat p87
35
Turbulent smoke velocity that is thin and dark indicates that a ?
well-ventilated fire is nearby p87
36
Smoke density tells you?
how bad things are going to be p87
37
Almost all materials, start of by smoking a ________ color, and as applied heat is increased, smoke turns _____, then ______.
whitish / gray / black p87
38
Interpreted from outside a building, thin, black smoke means that ?
open (and ventilated) flaming is nearby p88
39
_______ ______ is a sure sign of impending auto ignition and flashover.
Black fire p88