Chapter 6 - Reading Smoke

Question 1

The products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis; it includes an aggregate of particles, aerosols, and fire gases that are toxic, flammable and volatile.

Answer 1

Smoke

p80

Question 2

The chemical breakdown of compounds into other substances by heat alone.

Answer 2

Pyrolysis

also known as pyrolitic decomposition

p80

Question 3

This is carbon and can support flaming?

Answer 3

Soot (officially “carbon black”)

p81

Question 4

This is the trace metals and minerals (depleted salts) that can no longer support flame.

Answer 4

Ash

p81

Question 5

Two triggers cause accumulated smoke to ignite:

Answer 5

the right temperature and the right mixture

p82

Question 6

An avenue that heat, smoke, flames and combustion air flow.

Answer 6

Flow path

p83

Question 7

A rapid fire growth phenomenon that occurs when combustible air is reintroduced into a ventilation-controlled fire, leading to smoke flame-over and room flash overs.

Answer 7

Explosive growth phase

p84

Question 8

Six phased growth model

1.

Answer 8

1. Ignition (incipient) phase

p83

Question 9

Six phased growth model

2.

Answer 9

2. Initial growth phase

p83

Question 10

Six phased growth model

3.

Answer 10

3. Ventilation limited phase

p 84

Question 11

Six phased growth model

4.

Answer 11

4. Explosive growth phase

p84

Question 12

A hostile fire event that includes the ignition and sustained burning of the overhead smoke layer within a room and/or hallway.

Answer 12

Flame-over

p84

Question 13

Six phased growth model

5.

Answer 13

5. Fully developed phase

p84

Question 14

Six phased growth model

6.

Answer 14

6. Decay phase

p84

Question 15

An explosive event that occurs when air is suddenly reintroduced into a closed space that is filled with pressurized, ignition-temperature, and oxygen deprived products of combustion and pyrolysis.

Answer 15

Backdraft

p84

Question 16

A fire behavior phenomenon that can suddenly harm firefighters; events include explosive growth phase, flashover, backdraft, smoke explosion and flame-over.

Answer 16

Hostile fire event

p84

Question 17

A hostile fire event that occurs when a spark or flame is introduced into a pocket of smoke that is below ignition temperature but above some aggregate flashpoint. The result is a split second ignition (and rapid expansion) of that pocket with no sustained burning.

Answer 17

Smoke explosion

p84

Question 18

A hostile fire event warning sign that is characterized as the intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke; usually seen as fingers of flame that dance through the upper smoke layer.

Answer 18

Ghosting

p85

Question 19

A hostile fire event that occurs when a spark or flame is introduced into a pocket of smoke that is below ignition temperature but above some aggregate flashpoint. The result is a split second ignition (and rapid expansion) of that pocket with no sustained burning.

Answer 19

Smoke explosion

p85

Question 20

A sudden hostile fire event that occurs when all the surfaces and contents of a space reach their ignition temperature nearly simultaneously, resulting in full room fire involvement.

Answer 20

Flashover

p86

Question 21

Smoke has four distinctive characteristics or attributes that combine to tell a story: ?

Answer 21

Volume, velocity, density and color
(VVCD)

p86

Question 22

A slang term for smoke that is high-volume, has turbulent velocity, is ultra-dense, and is deep black; a sign of impending auto ignition and flashover.

Answer 22

Black fire

p88

Question 23

An avenue that heat, smoke, flames, and combustion air flow.

Answer 23

Flow path

Question 24

Two forces cause smoke to pressurize in a building:?

Answer 24

Convection heat and smoke volume

p86

Question 25

Generally speaking, the faster smoke moves, the more _____ it has.

Answer 25

Heat

p86

Question 26

If the flow of smoke is described as agitated, boiling or angry it is considered?

Answer 26

Turbulent

p86

Question 27

If the flow of smoke is described as smooth, calm or following a straight line it is considered?

Answer 27

Laminar

p86

Question 28

Turbulent smoke is caused by?

Answer 28

Serious heat

p87

Question 29

Smoke that is being developed by pyrolysis begins?

Answer 29

Laminar

p87

Question 30

, turbulent smoke that has filled a compartment is a warning sign of impending?

Answer 30

Flashover

p87

Question 31

The most important smoke observation is whether it’s velocity is ?

Answer 31

Turbulent or laminar

p87

Question 32

Turbulent smoke is ready to ?

Answer 32

Ignite

p87

Question 33

Laminar smoke leaving a building doesn’t mean safe; it only means that the box is?

Answer 33

Still absorbing heat

p87

Question 34

Faster smoke is closer to ?

Answer 34

the fire seat

p87

Question 35

Turbulent smoke velocity that is thin and dark indicates that a ?

Answer 35

well-ventilated fire is nearby

p87

Question 36

Smoke density tells you?

Answer 36

how bad things are going to be

p87

Question 37

Almost all materials, start of by smoking a ________ color, and as applied heat is increased, smoke turns _____, then ______.

Answer 37

whitish / gray / black

p87

Question 38

Interpreted from outside a building, thin, black smoke means that ?

Answer 38

open (and ventilated) flaming is nearby

p88

Question 39

_______ ______ is a sure sign of impending auto ignition and flashover.

Answer 39

Black fire

p88