Chapter 6 Questions Flashcards
True/False: The incorporation of humans into any space mission is handled very differently from the hardware systems engineering process which is otherwise followed for all crewed and unmanned aircraft.
False
True/False: The total habitable volume needed (from tolerable to optimal) per crew member for long-duration missions levels off after about six month’s duration.
True
True/False: In many ways features of effective long-duration space habitats mirror those of an ideal family home: good views; effective work triangles; separate, serene sleeping quarters; variable lighting; communal areas; good airflow; and specialized, dedicated work spaces
True
Which of the following are aspects of the usability of crew interface equipment?
a. Recoverable - through ‘undo’ or ‘cancel’ options, Satisfying - enjoyable to use, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Filtering - guidance cues incorporated, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment
b. Recoverable - through ‘undo’ or ‘cancel’ options, Satisfying - enjoyable to use, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Error Filtering - guidance cues incorporated, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Efficient - collocation of related items, simple sequences, no unnecessary complications
c. Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Modal - each screen’s function tailored differently and sequentially to each situation, Error Filtering - guidance cues incorporated, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment
d. Modal - each screen’s function tailored differently and sequentially to each situation, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Error Filtering - guidance cues incorporated, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Efficient - collocation of related items, simple sequences, no unnecessary complications
b. Recoverable - through ‘undo’ or ‘cancel’ options, Satisfying - enjoyable to use, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Error Filtering - guidance cues incorporated, Intuitive - working under conventions that are standardized and expected for that equipment, Efficient - collocation of related items, simple sequences, no unnecessary complications
As space technologies - especially robotics, artificial intelligence, materials applications, 3D printing, space-rated subsystems, among others - improve, how is the role of human crew adapting in regards to mission planning?
a. Top-level planning can allocate more objectives to autonomous systems
b. Distance from Earth becomes less restrictive, since less tele-operating from Earth is necessary
c. In-situ resource utilization slowly moves beyond bulk soil manipulation to processing and storage of surface and atmospheric by-products
d. Pre-positioning of Earth-launched resources now more possible via improved surface targeting, orbit design and control, enabling multi-year missions
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
What is the best expression of the ‘blended systems workload paradox’ that arises from using increased automation in man-in-the-loop (MIL) systems?
a. Increased automation and tele-operation can transfer physical workload from EVA crew to more suitable robotic elements, yet can end up increasing perceptual, analytical, and decision-making workload, leading to fatigue, stress, and deteriorating judgment
b. Rest from the mental exertions of overseeing fully and semi-automated systems can lead to complete inactivity, boredom, and mental isolation.
c. Multi-shift crew operations complicates all phases of crew scheduling and habitation design, including work, eating, recreation, sleeping, and maintenance.
a. Increased automation and tele-operation can transfer physical workload from EVA crew to more suitable robotic elements, yet can end up increasing perceptual, analytical, and decision-making workload, leading to fatigue, stress, and deteriorating judgment
Skills mix for extended-stay crew may include which of the following:
a. Piloting - for human-controlled maneuvers, entry and landing ops, Navigation and path planning, Medical qualifications, Cross-training backup crew members, Specialty skills - manipulation, rover driving, geology, botany, Subsystem maintenance - EPS, C&DH, ECLSS, TCS, EVA, etc.
b. Medical qualifications, Cost estimating and subcontracts administration, Cross-training backup crew members, Navigation and path planning, Specialty skills - manipulation, rover driving, geology, botany, Subsystem maintenance - EPS, C&DH, ECLSS, TCS, EVA, etc.
c. Cross-training backup crew members, Navigation and path planning, Specialty skills - manipulation, rover driving, geology, botany, Piloting - for human-controlled maneuvers, entry and landing ops.
d. Piloting - for human-controlled maneuvers, entry and landing ops, Navigation and path planning, Medical qualifications, Cross-training backup crew members, Specialty skills - manipulation, rover driving, geology, botany, Subsystem maintenance - EPS, C&DH, ECLSS, TCS, EVA, etc.
a. Piloting - for human-controlled maneuvers, entry and landing ops, Navigation and path planning, Medical qualifications, Cross-training backup crew members, Specialty skills - manipulation, rover driving, geology, botany, Subsystem maintenance - EPS, C&DH, ECLSS, TCS, EVA, etc.
Which of the following human perceptive abilities have been documented to exhibit the designated change(s), for the time period specified, over recent extended spaceflights?
a. Vision - temporary, Taste - temporary, Smellk -permanent
b. Vision - temporary, Taste - temporary
c. Vision - temporary, Hearing - permanent Smellk -permanent, Touch - temporary
d. Hearing - permanent, Smellk -permanent, Touch - temporary
b. Vision - temporary, Taste - temporary
What population pool and access factors may influence the design limits of crew equipment and workstations for long-duration habitats?
a. Crew size - number of crew, Ground transport of suited crews, Mixed-gender crews, Launch vehicle seating
b. Ground transport of suited crews, Mixed-gender crews, Launch vehicle seating
c. Ground transport of suited crews, Mixed-gender crews, Launch vehicle seating
d. Crew size - number of crew, International crews, Mixed-gender crews, Launch vehicle seating
d. Crew size - number of crew, International crews, Mixed-gender crews, Launch vehicle seating
What anthropometric and biometric factors may influence the design limits of crew equipment and workstations for long-duration habitats?
a. Micro-g neutral body positioning, Muscular atrophy, Bone decalcification
b. Micro-g neutral body positioning, Bodily fluid shifts, Spinal elongation
c. Micro-g neutral body positioning, Bodily fluid shifts, Spinal elongation, Muscular atrophy, Bone decalcification
d. Micro-g neutral body positioning, Spinal elongation, Bone decalcification
c. Micro-g neutral body positioning, Bodily fluid shifts, Spinal elongation, Muscular atrophy, Bone decalcification
