Chapter 6 Principles of Pathopysiology

Question 0

metabolism

Answer 0

the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy.

Question 1

pathophysiology

Answer 1

the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body.

Question 2

electrolyte

Answer 2

a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles.

Question 3

aerobic metabolism

Answer 3

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.

Question 4

anaerobic metabolism

Answer 4

the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.

Question 5

FiO2

Answer 5

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.

Question 6

patent

Answer 6

open and clear; free from obstruction.

Question 7

tidal volume

Answer 7

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

Question 8

minute volume

Answer 8

the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.

Question 9

dead air space

Answer 9

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.

Question 10

chemoreceptors

Answer 10

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 11

plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 11

the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.

Question 12

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel.

Question 13

stretch receptors

Answer 13

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure.

Question 14

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer 14

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system.

Question 15

stroke volume

Answer 15

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.

Question 16

cardiac output

Answer 16

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute. (heart rate X stroke volume).

Question 17

V/Q match

Answer 17

ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the aveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the aveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

perfusion

Answer 18

the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from , the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Question 19

hypoperfusion

Answer 19

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called shock.

Question 20

shock

Answer 20

the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called hypoperfusion. A life-threatening condition.

Question 21

dehydration

Answer 21

an abnormally low amount of water in the body.

Question 22

edema

Answer 22

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space.

Question 23

hypersensitivity

Answer 23

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.