Chapter 12 Vital Signs Flashcards by Tommy Castelo

Pulse

the rhythmic beat as the heart pumps blood through the arteries

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Vital Signs

Outward signs of what is going on inside the body, including repiration, pulse, skin color, temperature, and condition, (plus capillary refill in infants and children); pupils, and blood pressure.

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Vital Signs

Pulse: presence, strength and regularity
Blood Pressure: systolic/diastolic
Respiratory: rate and depth
Skink: color, temperature, condition
Pulse Oximetry: 96-100% is normal
Pupils: size and reactivity

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Pulse rate

the number of pulse beats/min

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tachycardia

a rapid pulse; any pulse rate above 100bpm

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brachycardia

a slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60bpm

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Adult Heart Rate

60-100 bpm

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Adolescent Heart Rate 11-14

60-105 bpm

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School Age Heart Rate 6-10

70-110 bpm

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Preschooler Heart Rate 3-5

80-120 bpm

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Toddler Heart Rate 1-3

80-130 bpm

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Infant Heart Rate 6-12 Months

80-140 bpm

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Infant Heart Rate 0-5 Months

90-140 bpm

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Newborn Heart Rate

120-160 bpm

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Pulse Quality Rapid, Regular, Full

exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure, first stage of blood loss

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Pulse Quality Rapid, Regular, Thready

shock, later stages of blood loss

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Pulse Quality Slow

head injury, drugs, some poisons, some heart problems, lack of oxygen in children

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No Pulse

cardiac arrest (clinical death)

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pulse quality

the rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse

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radial pulse

the pulse felt at the wrist

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brachial pulse

the pulse felt in the upper arm

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carotid pulse

the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck

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weak or thin pulse

thready pulse

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Respiration

(concerned w/ rate and quality) the act of breathing in and breathing out

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respiratory rate

the number of breaths taken in one minute (normal, rapid or slow)

respiratory quality

the normal or abnormal character of breathing (shallow, labored, noisy)

respiratory rhythm

the regular or irregular spacing of breaths | number of breaths, normal or abnormal(shallow, labored, noisy), regular or irregular

pupils that are dilated, constricted to pinpoint size or are non reactive to light may indicate what?

drug use, head or eye injury. should be documented and reported.

Adult respiratory rate

12-20 breaths/min any patient maintaining a respiratory rate above 24(rapid) and below 8(slow) should be administered a high-concentration of oxygen and be prepared to assist ventilations.

Respiratory Rates Adolescents 11-14

12-20 breaths/min

Respiratory Rates School Age 6-10

15-30 breaths/min

Respiratory Rates Preschool Age 3-5

20-30 breaths/min

Respiratory Rate for Toddlers 1-3

20-30 breaths/min

Respiratory Rate for Infant 6-12 months

20-30 breaths/min

Respiratory Rate for Infant 0-5 months

25-40 breaths/min

Respiratory Rate for Newborn

30-50 breaths/min

snoring

indicates airway blocked/ope patients airway - prompt transport

wheezing

indicates medical problem such as asthma/assist patient in taking prescribed medications - prompt transport

Gurgling

Indicates fluids in airway/suction airway - prompt transport

Crowing

indicates medical problem that cannot be treated at the scene/ prompt transport (harsh sound when inhaling)

pupil

the black center of the eye

dilate

to get larger

constrict

to get smaller

reactivity

in the pupils of the eyes, reacting to light by changing size.

Blood Pressure

the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels

systolic blood pressure

the pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries

diastolic blood pressure

the pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling

Adult Blood Pressure

systolic less than or equal to 120 | diastolic less than or equal to 80

Blood Pressure Adolescent 11-14

systolic Avg 114 (88-120) | diastolic Avg 76

Blood Pressure School Age 6-10

systolic Avg 105 (80-115) | diastolic Avg 69

Blood Pressure Preschooler 3-5

systolic Avg 99 (78-104) | diastolic avg 65

High Blood Pressure

medical condition, exertion, fright, emotional distress, or excitement

Low Blood Pressure

Athlete or other person with normally low BP, blood loss, late sign of shock

Infant and Children Blood Pressure

usually not taken on children under 3. In case of blood loss or shock, a child's BP will remain within the normal limits until near the end, then fall swiftly.

Hypertension

systolic BP greater than 140, diastolic BP greater than 90 readings b/n limits sometimes referred to as pre hypertension. complications of hypertension: heart disease, stroke or kidney disease.

sphygmomanometer

the cuff and gauge used to measure a patients blood pressure

brachial artery

the major artery in the arm

ascultation

listening, a stethoscope is used to ascultate for characteristic sounds

palpation

touching or feeling. a pulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips.

blood pressure monitor

machine that automatically inflates a BP cuff and measures BP

Pulse Oximiter

96-100% normal 91-95% mild hypoxia 86-90% severe hypoxia

Hypoxia

any indication of hypoxia is reason to administer high-concentration oxygen in a non-rebreather mask

Blood Glucose

Normal level 60-80 mg/dL | no more than 120-140 mg/dL