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Fire Officer- Principles and Practices 4th ed. > Chapter 6- Preincident Planning and Code Enforcement > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Preincident Planning and Code Enforcement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary methods used in big cities to accomplish fire protection? (2) (p.159)

A
  1. compartmentation

2. automatic fire sprinklers

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2
Q

How is compartmentation considered a passive fire protection method? (4) (p.159)

A
  1. uses fire- rated floors
  2. protection of vertical openings (stairwells, elevator shafts)
  3. compartmentation (fire walls, fire partitions)
  4. fire- resisitive construction
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3
Q

How are a automatic fire sprinklers systems and fire alarm systems considered active fire portection methods? (p.159)

A

they require action or motion in order to work effectively in the event of a fire.

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4
Q

What are the common fire protection code violations (5) (p. 159)

A
  1. blocked acces to FD system connections
  2. improper storage in the fire pump and riser room
  3. items hanging from sprinklers/ piping
  4. not enough clearance to allow sprinklers to fully operate
  5. incorrect fire sprinkler coverage if occupancy or contents have changed
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5
Q

What are examples of a high- risk property? (potential for catastrophic property or loss of life? (4) (p. 160)

A
  1. nuclear power plants
  2. bulk fuel storage facilities
  3. hospitals
  4. jails
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6
Q

What are the recommended actions that can reduce arson in abandoned buildings? (4) (p.164)

A
  1. Monitor all vacant buildings
  2. Secure- prevent unauthorized access
  3. Inspect- for safety issues first responders would face in response to a fire
  4. Mark- to show they have been secured and inspected
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7
Q

What is considered to be a mass gathering event? (p. 164)

A

1000+ participants

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8
Q

What are problems mass gathering events pose to fire departments? (4)

A
  1. Produce workload strain on existing emergency services
  2. provide soft target for terrorists
  3. potential for high number of casualties
  4. difficult to access all areas
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9
Q

According to the Worceser, Massachusetts Vacant Building Marking System, what does an ‘X’ in a box denote? (p.164)

A

only exterior operations performed, do not enter unless there is a confirmed life hazard inside

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10
Q

According to the Worceser, Massachusetts Vacant Building Marking System, what does a single line in a box denote? (p.164)

A

interior operations should only be done in using extreme caution

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11
Q

According to the Worceser, Massachusetts Vacant Building Marking System, what does an empty box denote? (p.164)

A

there was normal stability at the time of marking.

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12
Q

How often is an Incident Action Plan developed? (p.165)

A

every 12 hours

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13
Q

What priorities should an IAP be based on? (3) (p.165)

A
  1. life safety
  2. incident stabilization
  3. property conservation
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14
Q

What are the 4 stages of fires? (p.165)

A
  1. incipient- starting point
  2. growth- involves other objects
  3. fully developed
  4. decay- fire has consumeed all oxygen but still fuel available
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15
Q

What is the goal of preincident planning? (p.166)

A

is to develop a written plan that would be valuable to both the owner of the building and the FD if an icident occurs

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16
Q

What is catastrophic theory of reform? (p.166)

A

the adoption of fire code requirements in reactiom to fire disasters

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17
Q

How are the regulations contained in the fire code enforced? (p.167)

A

through code compliance inspections

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18
Q

What is the difference between the building code vs. the fire code? (p.167)

A

Building Code: contains regulations that apply to the construction of a new building or to a =n extension or major renovation of an existing building

Fire Code: applies to existing buildings and to siutations that involve a potential fire risk or hazard

ex. building code might require the installation of sprinklers or FA system and a minimum number of exits; the fire code would require building owner to maintain sprinkler and FA systems and keep exits unblocked when building is occupied.

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19
Q

WHat are the reasons that a fire company performs inspections? (2) (p.168)

A
  1. status of access and egress to building

2. status of built-in fire protection features

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20
Q

What are the main components of water-based fire protection systems? (3) (p.168)

A
  1. automatic sprinkler systems
  2. standpipe systems
  3. fire pumps
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21
Q

What are differecnt types of sprinkler systems? (4) (p.169)

A
  1. wet pipe- most common
  2. dry pipe- in areas prone ot freezing; harder to maintain as entire sys. needs to be drained
  3. deluge- all heads open to control fast developing fire; can be wet/ dry system
  4. preaction- similar to dry pip; has detection sys. that triggers dry-pipe valve and fills sprinkler pipes
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22
Q

What is a standpipe system? (p.170)

A

arrangement of pipes, valves, hose connections that allow water to be discharged through hoses to reach parts of building.

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23
Q

What are the clsses of standpipes? (3) (p.170)

A
  1. Class I- provides 2.5”/ 65mm male coupling
  2. Class II- provides 1.5”/ 38mm hose coupling with pre-connected hose and nozzle in hose cabinet for occupant use
  3. Class III- provides both 1.5”/ 38mm and 2.5”/ 65mm connections
24
Q

What do fire pumps do? (p.170)

A

increase the water pressure in standpipe and automatic sprinkler systems; designed to start automatically when water pressure drops in system of fire suppression system is activated

25
Q

What are the 4 types of special extinguishing systems? (p.171)

A
  1. Carbon dioxide- floods enclosed space with CO2 and displaces O2 and extinguishes fire; used to protect specific equipment (printing press)
  2. Dry/ Wet chemical- can be found protecting commercial cooking devices and industrial processes where flammable/ combustible liquids are used
  3. Halon- used from 1950s- 1990s; 250% more efficient than CO2 but Halon depletes ozone layer; since 1994, halon not used
  4. Foam systems- used to protect hazards involving flammable/ combustible liquids (gasoline storage tanks); form bubbles over liquid surface to create smothering blanket
26
Q

What PPE is required if CO2 system is activated? (2) (p.170)

A
  1. SCBA

2. air monitoring

27
Q

What is commonly found in dry/ wet chemical extinguishing systems? (p.171)

A

protective cap on nozzle to avoid obstruction of cooking grease

28
Q

What type of extinguishing agent is preferred for protecting cooking appliances? (p.171)

A

Wet chemical- it reacts with hot grease to forma blanket, reducing release of combustible vapours;

  • blanket cools grill and reduces possibility of rekindle
  • eaiser to clean up then dry chemical as dry chemical leaves residue that is difficult to clean
29
Q

How are dry/ wet chemical extinguishing systems activated? (2) (p.171)

A
  1. fusible link that melts on flame contact
  2. manual pull station

** activation of system turns off cooking device by closing cooking fuel valve or turns off electricity

30
Q

What are the most common construction types? (5) (p. 172)

A
  1. Type I Construction- Fire resistive;
  2. Type II Construction- Non- combustible;
  3. Type III Construction- Ordinary
  4. Type IV Construction- Heavy Timber
  5. Type V Construction- Wood frame
31
Q

What are features of Type I construction? (p.172)

A

most durable; uses compartmentation to control fire spread instead of sprinklers

32
Q

What are common features of Type II construction? (3) (p.173)

A
  1. structural elements can be made from non-combustible or limited-combustible materials;
  2. common 20th century construction;
  3. durable yet not legacy building, replace in 30-40 years
33
Q

What are features of Type III Construction (4) (p.172)

A
  1. exterior load bearing walls are noncombustible masonry (brick, stone, concrete block)
  2. interior structural elements may be combustible or combo. of combustible and noncombustible
  3. usually no higher than 4 stories
  4. designed to preserve load bearing walls is fire consumed building; connection between floor and load-bearing wall designed to pull out without damaging wall.
34
Q

What are features of Type IV construction? ( (p.173)

A
  1. exterior walls are masonry

2. interior structural elements are unprotected wood beams and columns with large cross-sectional dimensions

35
Q

What are common features of Type V construction? ( (p.174)

A
  1. entire structure constructed of wood; all structural elements consist of wood frame
  2. most common structures, include single, multi- family residential, mercantile
  3. quick to achieve falshover conditions (3:30- 4:45mins) vs. legacy residences (29- 34mins)
36
Q

What does ocupancy type refer to? (p.174)

A

the purpose for which a building or portion of building is used or is intended to be used; can be dozens of use groups within each occupany type

37
Q

What are types of occupancies? (10) (p.174- 176)

A
  1. Assembly- churches, theaters, nightclubs
  2. Business- account, record keeping, transaction of business not mercantile; offices
  3. Educational- schools up to 12th grade
  4. Industrial- manufacturing, processing, packaging, repair, finishing; food, clothing, auto
  5. Institutional- medical, other treatment for 4+ people; hospitals, nursing himes, jails
  6. Mercantile- retail, dept. stores, convenience, drug stores
  7. Residential- provide sleeping accomodations; 5 subcategories
  8. Storage- cold storage plants, lumber yards, warehouses
  9. Mixed Occupancies- old commerical building converted to residential multifamily w/ mercantile on main floor
  10. Special Properties- barns, water tanks, towers
38
Q

What are the subcategories of Residential occupancy type? (5) (p.175)

A
  1. 1 and 2 family dwelling units- w/ independent cooking and bathroom facilities
  2. lodging/ rooming houses- a total of 16 or fewer people w/o cooking facilities for indivivdual occupants
  3. Hotels- sleeping accomodations for 16+ transient people
  4. Dormitories- group sleeping accomodations of 16+ people who are not members of same family in one room or closely associated rooms
  5. Apartment buildings- buildings containing 3+ dwelling units w/ cooking and bathroom facilities
39
Q

What is the widely recognized marking system for hazardous materials? (p.176)

A

NFPA 704- consists of colour-coded array of number or letters in diamond shape.

40
Q

What do colours and numbers mean on NFPA 704 placard? (5) (p.176)

A

Blue- health hazard

Red- flammability hazard

Yellow- instability hazard

White- special hazards

0-4- relative hazard of each (0= no hazard, 4= extreme danger)

41
Q

What is the goal for a code compliance inspection in a public assembly occupancy? (p.182)

A

to ensire all of the access and egress pathways are clear and in good order.

42
Q

What are concerns for Business use group inspections? (2) (p. 183)

A
  1. access/ egress paths are clear and visible

2. ensure electrical system not overloaded.

43
Q

What are concerns for Educational use group inspections? (p.183)

A
  1. exit paths not locked or blocked.

2. fire protection systems working

44
Q

What are concerns for Factory Industrial use group inspections? (p.183)

A
  1. improperly stored combustibles

2. fire protection systems not maintained/ shut-off

45
Q

What are concerns for Institutional use group inspections? (p.183)

A

working sprinkler system is essential because of inability of occupants to escape from fire

46
Q

What are concerns for Mercantile use group inspections? (2) (p.184)

A
  1. properly marked and illuminated exits

2. housekeeping

47
Q

What are concerns for Residential use group inspections? (3) (p.184)

A
  1. exit doors blocked, unmarked
  2. fire protection systems in working order
  3. housekeeping/ storage
48
Q

What are concerns for Special Properties use group inspections? (p.184)

A

specific to occupancy type (shopping malls, motor vehicle- related occupancies, etc)

49
Q

What are concerns for Manufacturing use group inspections? (3) (p.184)

A
  1. condition of auto fire sprinkler system
  2. monitored FA system
  3. preincident plan
50
Q

What are concerns for Storage use group inspections? (2) (p.185)

A
  1. sprinkler and standpipe systems

2. blocked exits

51
Q

When is a fire investigator immediately requested?

A

when fire officer suspects that a crime has been committed

52
Q

What are the 3 types of evidence? (p.186)

A
  1. Demonstrative evidence
  2. Documentary evidence
  3. Testimonial evidence
53
Q

What is demonstrative evidence? (p.186)

A

tangible items that can be identified by witnesses (incendiary devices)

54
Q

What is documentary evidence? (p.186)

A

evidence in written form (reports, photos, witness statements)

55
Q

What is testimonial evidence? (p.186)

A

witnesses speaking under oath

Fire Officer- Principles and Practices 4th ed. (8 decks)

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