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Geology 108 > Chapter 6 - Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q 
The average rate of tectonic plate movement is approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) 2 cm per week
B) 2 cm per month
C) 2 cm per year
D) 2 cm per decade
E) 2 cm per century
A

C) 2 cm per year

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2
Q 
Which type of magma produces the most violent volcanic eruptions:
A) Mafic
B) Intermediate
C) Felsic
D) Ultramafic
A

C) Felsic

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3
Q 
Convergent Plate Boundary related volcanoes form partly as a result of:
A) Loss of overburden pressure
B) High concentrations of radioactivity
C) Rise of hot plumes
D) Heat leaks from the earth's core
E) Frictional heat and water
A

E) Frictional heat and water

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4
Q 
Great underwater mountain ranges in oceans occur \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Along divergent plate boundaries
B) Near the geographic poles
C) Near the equator
D) At convergent plate boundaries
E) Randomly
A

D) At convergent plate boundaries

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5
Q 
Melting at divergent plate boundaries is partly the result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Reduction of pressure
B) High concentration of radioactivity
C) Subduction
D) Friction
E) Heat leaking from Earth's core
A

E) Heat leaking from Earth’s core

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6
Q 
Volcanic arcs are related to:
A) Subduction
B) Plate separation
C) Within plate hot spots
D) All 3 of the above
E) None of the above
A

A) Subduction

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7
Q 
Volcanic arcs have a direct geological relationship to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Subduction
B) Plate collision
C) Oceanic trenches
D) All 3 of the above
E) None of the above
A

D) All 3 of the above

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8
Q

The term rock-cycle refers to:
A) Convection currents in the earth’s mantle
B) The transformations that take place between the major rock-type groups
C) Subduction
D) A machine for studying rocks
E) A Harley-Davidson 1500 cc with tough tires

A

B) The transformations that take place between the major rock-type groups

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9
Q 
Most of Earth's mountain belts are the result of:
A) Orogeny only
B) Erosion only
C) Orogeny plus erosion
D) Volcanism
E) Glaciation
A

C) Orogeny plus erosion

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10
Q 
Orogenic mountains form at or near \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Colliding plates
B) Diverging plates
C) In the middle of plates
D) Anywhere on Earth
A

A) Colliding plates

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11
Q

The term Ring of Fire refers to:
A) An area of volcanoes throughout the Atlantic Ocean
B) A zone of volcanoes around the Atlantic Ocean
C) An area of volcanoes throughout the Pacific Ocean
D) A zone of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean
E) A wedding ring that feels too tight

A

D) A zone of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean

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12
Q 
All Stratovolcanoes are associated with:
A) Rising plumes of mantle
B) Plate convergence
C) Major normal faults
D) Mid-ocean ridges
E) All of the above (a-d)
A

E) All of the above (a-d)

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13
Q 
Basalt pillows are:
A) Due to metamorphism
B) A result of glacial melting
C) A result of sandstone deposition
D) A form of submarine lava flow
E) A form of soft black rock
A

D) A form of submarine lava flow

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14
Q 
Batholiths are spatially related to:
A) Deep ocean trenches
B) Mid-oceanic ridges
C) Island arcs
D) Orogenic zones, regardless of age
E) No special parts of the earth
A

D) Orogenic zones, regardless of age

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15
Q

The Canadian Shield _______.
A) Is a highly eroded region composed of numerous ancient orogens
B) Is a region composed of numerous ancient shield volcanoes
C) Contains some of the youngest rocks on Earth
D) Is a major source of petroleum
E) Has no counterparts any where else on Earth

A

A) Is a highly eroded region composed of numerous ancient orogens

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16
Q 
The displacement on a fault after a large earthquake can be as large as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) A few millimetres
B) A few metres
C) A few hundred metres
D) A few kilometres
E) A few hundred kilometres
A

D) A few kilometres

17
Q 
Tectonic folds are caused by the process we call \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Orogeny
B) Isostasy
C) Tsunami
D) Subduction
E) Differentiation
A

A) Orogeny

18
Q

Which of the following lend evidence of plate tectonics?
A) Distribution of fossil species
B) Distribution of ancient (Permian) glacial deposits
C) Distribution of volcanoes
D) All of a-c
E) Only a and c

A

D) All of a-c

19
Q 
Which of the following also lend vide nice of plate tectonics?
A) Distribution of orogens
B) Distribution of earthquakes
C) Distribution of volcanoes
D) All of a-c
E) Only a and c
A

D) All of a-c

20
Q

The driving mechanism of plate movement is thought to be:
A) Thermal convection in Earth’s mantle
B) Isostasy
C) Rotation of the earth
D) The magnetic field
E) Radioactive energy caused by atomic fusion in the core

A

A) Thermal convection in Earth’s mantle

21
Q

An earthquake epicentre is:
A) The location where rupture begins
B) The point on Earth’s surface vertically above the focus
C) The location of the greatest energy release
D) The place where the most damage occurs to things built by humans
E) The place at depth where brittle deformation gives way to ductile deformation

A

D) The place where the most damage occurs to things built by humans

22
Q

According to the elastic rebound theory (focal-point mechanism), an earthquake is produced when:
A) Abrupt slip on a fault causes the amount of elastic strain in the rocks to increase
B) The rocks on both sides of a fault abruptly slip past each other following an extended period in which elastic strain was built up in the rocks
C) Crustal plates bump into each other and then elastic ally rebound following the collision
D) Magma within at some depth begins to flow and elastic ally deforms the country rock

A

A) Abrupt slip on a fault causes the amount of elastic strain in the rocks to increase

23
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
A) An earthquake is caused by the slip of the rock bodies past each other
B) An earthquake causes the rock bodies to slip past each other
C) Both an earthquake and the slip are caused simultaneously by the rebound of rocks that were elastic ally stretched by tectonic distortion
D) As a fault slips, it progressively accumulates more and more elastic strain, until an earthquake results
E) There is no relationship between fault slip, elastic strain, and earthquakes

A

A) An earthquake is caused by the slip of the rock bodies past each other

24
Q

Tectonic mountain building takes place mainly _______.
A) Within the central parts of the tectonic plates
B) Randomly within Earth’s crust
C) At or near the margins of the tectonic plates
D) Anywhere within the tectonic plates

A

C) At or near the margins of the tectonic plates

24
Q

Tectonic plates can consist of _______.
A) Continental lithosphere only
B) Oceanic lithosphere only
C) Either continental or oceanic lithosphere but not both
D) Either continental or oceanic lithosphere, or a combination of both

A

D) Either continental or oceanic lithosphere, or a combination of both

25
Q 
Saskatoon is located on a classic example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Ancient craton
B) Phanerozoic platform
C) Highly eroded Orogen
D) Ancient accretion army prism
E) In-filled tectonic rift zone
A

B) Phanerozoic platform

26
Q 
A large portion of an ancient craton that is overtrain by younger, generally flat lying strata, is called (a): Such rock masses are encountered at the bottom of holes we drill through the overlying strata.
A) Craton basement
B) Craton shelf
C) Shield
D) Overburden
E) Craton roof
A

A) Craton basement

27
Q 
Based on the following map, which region is a Precambrian Shield?
A) H
B) E (Japan coast)
C) A (North America)
D) G
E) F (Pacific Ocean)
A

C) A (North America)

28
Q 
Based on the following map, which region, of those listed below, is the highest in earthquake activity?
A) F (Pacific Ocean)
B) B (Greenland)
C) C (Northern Europe)
D) D (Africa)
E) E (Japan)
A

E) E (Japan)

29
Q 
Based on the following map, which contains an extensional plate boundary?
A) A (North America)
B) B (Greenland)
C) C (Northern Europe)
D) E (Japan)
E) F (Pacific Ocean)
A

B) B (Greenland)

30
Q 
Based on the following map, which of the regions shown contains a Collisional plate boundary?
A) A (North America)
B) B (Greenland)
C) C (Northern Europe)
D) E (Japan)
E) F (Pacific Ocean)
A

E) F (Pacific Ocean)

Geology 108 (11 decks)

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