Chapter 6 - Planning and Management Perspectives Flashcards
What are the two main principles of effective Principles of effective resource and
environmental management?
- Science based decision making
- Best planning and management approaches in terms of concepts, processes and methods
What kind of approach do public agencies use when problem solving to avoid criticism?
Standardized Approach
What are the two types of Ethics and Values looked at in this chapter?
- Ecocentric Values
- Technocentric Values
Define Ecocentric Values:
Include a belief that there is a natural order governing relationships between living things, which humankind tends to disrupt through ignorance and presumption
What are Ecocentric values AKA?
Biocentric Values
In an Ecocentric view, it has a _________ for, humility and responsibility towards, and __________ of nature
Reverence, stewardship
Define the Biocentric View:
Resources are seen as having value independent of human wants and needs
What are four traits of people with Ecocentric values?
- favour application of low impact technology
- oppose bigness and impersonality in all forms
- advocate behaviour consistent with ecological principles of diversity and change
- focus on choosing appropriate ends and using consistent means
What is a Technocentric Perspective based upon?
Based on the assumption that humankind is able to understand, control, and manipulate nature to suit its purposes.
What is the Technocentric AKA?
Anthropocentric view
In a techno centric view, nature and other ____________ and _______________ things exist to meet humans needs and wants
living, non-living
Define the Anthropocentric view:
Value is dependent on human interests, wants, and needs.
What four things do people with Technocentric views tend to do?
- focus more on means than on ends because of confidence in human ingenuity and rights
- be less concerned with morality or consequences of activities
- admire the capacity and power of technology
- believe that technology and human inventiveness will be able to overcome resource shortages and remediate environmental degradation
Define Ecosystems:
Subdivisions of the environment consisting of communities of plants, animals, and micro organisms, which depend on air, water, soil and other non living elements
What kind of management do Ecosystems require?
Systems or Holistic Perspective
Who formulated the term Ecosystem and when?
In 1935 by Arthur Tansley
Slocombe (2010) suggested that the ecosystem
approach has a set of 6 core characteristics:
- Systems concepts and analysis
- Ethical perspectives
- Stakeholder and public participation
- A bioregional place based
- Efforts to identify and develop common goals
- Gaining a systematic understanding of the
ecosystem of interest
What are 6 opportunities are there through an ecosystem approach?
- Challenges the dominant anthropocentric/
technocentric perspective - Reminds us to consider management problems and solutions in the context of linked systems
- Demands that the links between natural and economic or social systems be considered
- Reminds us that decisions made (or actions taken) at one place or scale can have implications for other places or scales
- Raises questions regarding what is the most appropriate areal or spatial unit for planning and management (not political boundaries)
- Highlights that systems are dynamic or continuously changing
What are the three fundamental ideas through an Ecosystem Approach?
- Humans are part of nature
- Interrelationships
- Critical Thresholds Exist
What are the three types of views in resource and environmental management?
- Short Term (<5 years)
- Middle-term (5-15 years)
- Long-term (<15)
A short term view is caused by what three factors?
- short time between elections and other terms of office
- long time frame required to change attitudes
- focus on tangible results in short term
____________ with short term results prevents long term commitment of funds and human resources
Preoccupation
What does LULUs mean?
Locally undesirable land uses
Certain thresholds normally exist in natural systems. When these are exceeded, _______________. ***
environmental deterioration can occur
