Chapter 10 - Forests Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three key provision of forests?

A
  • Clean air and water
  • Improving biodiversity
  • Combating climate change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Canada has ___% of the worlds forests, and these forests cover about ___% of the nations land area.

A

9, 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of the world’s temperate rain forests and boreal forests does Canada have?

A

1/4 temperate, and 1/4 boreal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tree volume makes up the majority of Canadas forest composition?

A

Spruce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the main reason for deforestation in Canada?

A
  • Conversion to agricultural land
  • Conversion to oil and gas use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much of Canada’s forest is lost annually?

A

37,000 hectares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Canadas largest ecozone?

A

The Boreal Forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much of Canadas land mass is covered by the Boreal forest?

A

58%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of trees dominate the Boreal?

A

Coniferous forests (spruce)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Taiga mean?

A

It is a Russian word for describing coniferous forests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Boreal:

A

A term that means ‘of the North’; it comes originally from the Greek god of the north wind, Boreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of manufacturing processes does the Boreal forest support?

A
  • Logging
  • Wood fibre
  • Sawlog production
  • Pulp and paper mills
  • Fibreboard production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Almost ___% of the boreal forest is currently allocated to industry

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much $ does the boreal forest provide under ecosystems annually?

A

700 billion $

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of ecological functions does Canadas forest ecosystems provide?

A
  • Nutrient and water cycling
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Waste decomposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It is estimated that _____% of the world’s water originates in Canada’s forests

17
Q

What are four economic benefits provided by Timber Forest Products?

A
  • Softwood lumber and newsprint
  • Balance of trade
  • NTFP
  • $1 billion to the Canadian economy
18
Q

Wha type of governments are responsible for 77% of the nations forests?

A

Provincial

19
Q

How much of Canadas forests do Indigenous peoples own?

20
Q

What are the 6 key components under Forest Management Practices?

A
  1. Rate of Conversion
  2. Harvesting Methods
  3. Reforestation
  4. Site Preparation-Biocide Use
  5. Intensive Forest Management
  6. Fire Suppression
21
Q

Define the Rate of Conversion:

A

The rate of conversion of natural to managed forests is one of the most controversial issues in Canadian forestry

22
Q

What is the AAC?

A

Annual Allowable Cut

23
Q

What has caused a great deal of conflict in Canadas harvesting processes?

A

Dominant Forest Harvesting Practice

24
Q

What are the advantages of Clear cutting?

A
  • Higher timber yields
  • Maximum profits in shortest time
  • Can reforest with fast-growing trees
  • Good for tree species needing full
    or moderate sunlight
25
What are the disadvantages of clear-cutting?
- Reduces biodiversity - Destroys and fragments wildlife habitats - Increases water pollution, flooding, and erosion on steep slopes
26
Until ______, Canada’s forests were considered to be so extensive that little effort was given to reforestation
1985
27
How are Biocides used on Forest Lands in Canada?
To reduce competition for seedlings on replanted sites and to protect seedlings from insect damage
28
What are some downfalls to herbicide application in forests?
They may eliminate species that are ecologically advantageous, such as nitrogen fixers like the red alder, exacerbating nutrient loss from logged sites
29
It what ways can future timber resource values be enhanced through intensive practices?
Through: - Pre-commercial thinning - Commercial thinning - Scarification - Prescribed burning - Pruning and shearing - Timber stand improvement
30
What are the four benefits of occasional surface fires?
- Prevent larger fires - Release minerals - Control insects - Habitat maintenance
31
What are the two environmental and social impacts of forest management practices?
- Forestry and Site Fertility - Forestry and Climate Change