Chapter 6 Percpetion Flashcards
Percpetion
the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information
The Cocktail Party Effect
a type of selective listening where we filter out noise and focus on one conversation
Inattentional Blindness
the inability to see an object or person in our midst
Change Blindness
a form of inattentional blindness where individuals giving directions failed to notice a change in the individual asking for directions
Perceptual Illusions
help us understand how perception is organized, the context matters
Visual Capture
vision wins when competing with other senses
Form Perception
Organization of the visual field into figures that stand out from their ground
Grouping
Proximity, Similarity, Continuity, Connectedness, Closure (can lead us astray)
Depth Perception (Visual Cliff)
Allows us to judge distances
Binocular Cues
Things seen using two eyes (Retinal Disparity, Convergence)
Retinal Disparity
Images from the two eyes differ
Convergence
Two eyes move inward to see near objects, outward to see far objects
Monocular Cues
Can be seen using one eye (Relative Size, Interposition, Relative Clarity, Texture Gradient, Relative Height, Relative Motion, Linear Perspective, Light and Shadow, Motion Perception)
Relative Size
When two objects are similar size, we perceive that one casts a similar image farther away
Interposition
Objects that block other objects are perceived as closer
Relative Clarity
We perceive hazy objects to be farther away than those that apear clear
Texture Gradient
Indistinct texture signals increasing distance
Relative Height
We perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be farther away
Relative Motion
Objects closer move faster, objects farther move slower
Linear Perspective
Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance
Light and Shadow
The dimmer objects appears farther, the nearby reflects more light
Motion Percpetion
Objects traveling towards us grow in size and those moving away shrinks
Phi Phenomenon
When light flash at a certain speed they present the illusions of motion
Perceptual Constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging even though our retinal image changes
Size Constancy
Stable size perception amind changing size of stimuli
Ames Room
Designed to demonstrate the size-distance illusion
Lightness Constancy
The color changes by light but we perceive it to be the same
Color Constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent solor even light changes the image
Kant
Knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences
Locke
We learn to perveive the world through our experiences
Restored Vision
Blind adults who regain sight could diferentiate figure and ground but had difficulty distinguishing figures and unable to recognize faces
Perceptual Adaptation
Ability to adjust with the goggles
Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
Psychological Influences on Perception
Selective attention, Gestalt principles, learned shcemas, emotional context, perceptual set
Human Factor Psychologist
Design appliances that fit our natural perceptions
Extrasensory Perception
Perception without sensory input
Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis
Telepathy
Mind-to-mind communication
Clairvoyance
Percpetion of remote events in the present
Precognition
Perceiving furture events
