Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

dendrites

A

receive messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

soma

A

(cell body) maintains health of the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

terminal branches

A

form junctions with other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axon

A

carries message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers the axon and helps speed impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

action potential

A

a neural impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depolarization

A

positive ions enter the neuron, making it more prone to fire action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyperpolarization

A

when negative ions enter the neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

threshold

A

minimum intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

refractory period

A

recharging time after an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sodium-potassium pump

A

pumps positive ions out from the inside of the neuron, making them ready for an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

resting potential

A

neuron is at rest and ready to fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

all-or-none principle

A

if a neuron fires it will always fire at the same intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synapse

A

junction between the axon tip and a dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

synaptic gap (cleft)

A

tiny, fluid filled gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that travel across the synapse

can influence whether the next neuron will generate an action potential or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reuptake

A

when neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into sending neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

excitatory effect

A

a neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inhibitory effect

A

a neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

acetylcholine

A

enables muscle action, learning, and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dopamine

A

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

norepinephrine

A

helps control alertness and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GABA

A

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

glutamate

A

a major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

agonists

A

acts like a neurotransmitter, mimics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

antagonist

A

blocks neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

receptor cells

A

specialized cells that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials that the nervous system can process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

neurons

A

basic building block of the nervous system

receive, carry, and pass information on to the next neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

sensory neuron

A

nerves that carry info to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

interneurons

A

nerves cells in the CNS that process info related to sensory input and motor output

32
Q

motor neurons

A

nerves that carry info FROM the CNS

33
Q

glial cells

A

non-neural cells that support neurons by providing nutrition

34
Q

neural chain

A

skin receptors - sensory info - interneurons - motor neurons - skin receptors

35
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

sensory and motor nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body divided into somatic and autonomic

36
Q

somatic nervous system

A

control’s the body’s skeletal muscle

37
Q

autonomic system

A

controls the glands and muscle of internal organs; controls breathing, blood, and digestive processes (sympathetic/parasympathetic)

38
Q

sympathetic system

A

arouses the body to deal with perceived threats (inhibits digestion, secrete epinephrine)

39
Q

parasympathetic system

A

calms the body (stimulates digestion)

40
Q

endocrine system

A

“slow” communication system carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls pituitary gland (controls growth) that secretes endorphins (regulates pain response)

42
Q

thyroid gland

A

regulates growth and metabolism and secretes thyroxine

43
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates level of calcium in blood

44
Q

adrenal glands

A

increase blood pressure and heart rate during times of stress releases adrenaline

45
Q

pancreas

A

controls how the body uses sugar (releases insulin)

46
Q

hormones

A

chemicals secretes in the bloodstream

47
Q

phrenology

A

incorrect (Franz Gall) suggested that bumps on the skull represented mental abilities

48
Q

brain lesion

A

destroys brain tissue to study animal behaviors

49
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

recording the electrical waves sweeping across the brain’s surface

50
Q

PET Scan

A

a visual scan of brain activity that detects a radioactive form of glucose

51
Q

MRI Scan

A

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images that distinguish brain tissue

52
Q

brain’s plasticity

A

brain’s ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness

53
Q

left hemisphere

A

logic, learning, language

54
Q

right hemisphere

A

expressive and creative tasks

55
Q

brain stem

A

connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, where messages switch sides (pons, medulla, mid brain)

56
Q

hindbrain

A

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

57
Q

pons

A

major pathway for motor and sensory info, coordinates voluntary movement

58
Q

medulla oblongata

A

regulates involuntary movement in the body

59
Q

cerebellum

A

processes sensory input, movement and balance, fine motor (little brain behind stem)

60
Q

midbrain

A

connects sensory input to simple motor output, contains Reticular Formation that regulates levels of alertness

61
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for all senses except smell and routes it to the proper brain regions

62
Q

limbic system

A

EMOTIONAL CONTROL CENTER

hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

63
Q

hypothalamus

A

governs the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (thirst hunger)

64
Q

amygdala

A

emotional response and aggression

65
Q

hippocampus

A

process memory and decides if short term memory should become long term

66
Q

frontal lobe

A

HIGHER LEVEL OF THINKING

motor cortex, Broca’s area, prefrontal cortex

67
Q

motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movement

68
Q

Broca’s area

A

LEFT hemisphere only, speech production

69
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

mediate conflicting thoughts, make choices, govern social control

70
Q

parietal lobe

A

receives sensory input for touch and body position

somatosensory cortex, angular gyrus

71
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

registers and processes TOUCH and movement sensations

72
Q

angular gyrus

A

transforms visual representation into auditory code

73
Q

occipital lobe

A

receives visual information from the opposite field

74
Q

temporal lobe

A

HEARING

auditory cortex, wernicke’s area

75
Q

auditory cortex

A

receives information from the ear

76
Q

wernicke’s area

A

interprets BOTH written and verbal speech in the LEFT hemisphere

77
Q

corpus callosum

A

band of nerve fibers between two hemispheres of the brain that carries messages

AP Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions