Chapter 6 Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Question 2

Selective Attention

Answer 2

the focusing of conscious awareness on particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect

Question 3

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 3

In your ability to attend to only one voice among many (though let another voice speak your name and your cognitive radar will instantly bring voice that voice into consciousness)

Question 4

Inattentional blindness

Answer 4

failing to see visible objects when our attention when is directed elsewhere

Question 5

Change blindness

Answer 5

inattentional blindness ( gorilla in room, direction)

Question 6

Change deafness

Answer 6

inattentional deafness

Question 7

Choice blindness

Answer 7

failure to notice our selection of a particular stimulus has change

Question 8

Choice-blindness blindness

Answer 8

exhibiting denial (blindness) to falling victim to a hypothetical experiment

Question 9

Pop-out phenomenon

Answer 9

when a strikingly distinct stimulus, such as a smiling face in a crowd of crying people, draws our attention, not our choice

Question 10

Illusion

Answer 10

reveal the ways we normally organize and interpret out sensation

Question 11

visual capture

Answer 11

the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

Question 12

gestalt

Answer 12

organized whole, gestalt psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful whole

Question 13

figure-ground

Answer 13

organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrounding

Question 14

grouping

Answer 14

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent group

Question 15

proximity

Answer 15

we group nearby figures together

Question 16

similarity

Answer 16

we group together figures that are similar to each other

Question 17

continuity

Answer 17

we perceive smooth, continuous pattern rather than discontinuous messes

Question 18

connectedness

Answer 18

because they are uniform and linked, we perceive the two dots and the line between them as a single unit

Question 19

closure

Answer 19

we fill in the gaps to create a complete whole objects

Question 20

Depth perception

Answer 20

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 21

viusal cliff

Answer 21

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 22

binocular cues

Answer 22

depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

Question 23

Retinal Desparity

Answer 23

binocular cues; comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computers distance- the greater the difference between the two images the closer the object

Question 24

convergence

Answer 24

extent to which the eyes converge, inward when looking at an object, the greater the inward strain, the closer the object

Question 25

monocular cues

Answer 25

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Question 26

relative size

Answer 26

two objects are similar size, perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal images as farther away

Question 27

interpositon

Answer 27

one object partially black our view of another we perceive it as closer

Question 28

relative clarity

Answer 28

light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere, perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects

Question 29

texture gradient

Answer 29

objects far away appear smaller and more density packed

Question 30

relative height

Answer 30

perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away

Question 31

relative motion

Answer 31

objects that are actually stable may appear to move (beyond fixation point)

Question 32

linear perspective

Answer 32

parallel lines appear to converge with distance

Question 33

light and shadow

Answer 33

nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes

Question 34

Phi phenomenon

Answer 34

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 35

Stroboscopic Movement

Answer 35

perceive continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images

Question 36

perceptual constancy

Answer 36

perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape and size) even as illuminating and retinal images

Question 37

perceptual adaptation

Answer 37

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 38

Context Effects

Answer 38

the context (environmental factors) that surrounds an event effects how an event is perceived and remembered

Question 39

Perceptual set

Answer 39

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Question 40

Human factors psychologists

Answer 40

branch of psychology that explores how people and machine interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe and easy to use

Question 41

Extrasensory perception

Answer 41

controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

Question 42

parapsychology

Answer 42

study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis