Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Survey
Looks at many cases in less depth, used to study attitudes and behaviors, wording of questions is very important.
Case study
One of the oldest research methods, studies one individual in depth hoping to discover something true about all of us, but can be misleading in atypical individuals.
False Consensus Effect
Overestimating the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Population
The whole group that is being studied, often smaller sample groups of are used to generalize the population
Random Sample
Every person in the group has an equal chance of participating, people are randomly selected, the larger the sample group the better
Naturalistic Observation
Recording behavior of organisms in their natural habitats without interference, used to describe behavior, not explain it!
Correlate
When one trait or behavior of accompanies another, DOES NOT PROVE CAUSATION
Correlation Coefficient: Predicts how closely 2 things predict each other
Scatterplots
Plots 2 variables on an x and y axis with points, used to view possible correlation patterns
Illusionary Correlation
A perceived non-existent correlation, often surprising coincidences that we perceive as correlation, wives-tales, sugar=hyper children ect.
Experiment
Allows researchers to focus on the effects of specific factors by manipulating them or comparing them to a control
Double-blind Procedure
Where neither the subjects or researchers know what half of the subjects have the effective drug, treatment, ect. and what have the placebo
Placebo Effect
Believing that you are receiving a treatment, while in reality you are not, but either you condition or behavior have changed
Experimental Condition
Participants who are exposed to the independent (manipulated) variable
Control Condition
Participants who serve as the comparison or the control and have not been introduced to the independent variable
Random Assignment
Assigning participants and control groups by chance, minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned groups, used in experimets, not surveys