Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Survey

A

Looks at many cases in less depth, used to study attitudes and behaviors, wording of questions is very important.

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1
Q

Case study

A

One of the oldest research methods, studies one individual in depth hoping to discover something true about all of us, but can be misleading in atypical individuals.

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2
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

Overestimating the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

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3
Q

Population

A

The whole group that is being studied, often smaller sample groups of are used to generalize the population

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4
Q

Random Sample

A

Every person in the group has an equal chance of participating, people are randomly selected, the larger the sample group the better

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5
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Recording behavior of organisms in their natural habitats without interference, used to describe behavior, not explain it!

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6
Q

Correlate

A

When one trait or behavior of accompanies another, DOES NOT PROVE CAUSATION
Correlation Coefficient: Predicts how closely 2 things predict each other

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7
Q

Scatterplots

A

Plots 2 variables on an x and y axis with points, used to view possible correlation patterns

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8
Q

Illusionary Correlation

A

A perceived non-existent correlation, often surprising coincidences that we perceive as correlation, wives-tales, sugar=hyper children ect.

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9
Q

Experiment

A

Allows researchers to focus on the effects of specific factors by manipulating them or comparing them to a control

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10
Q

Double-blind Procedure

A

Where neither the subjects or researchers know what half of the subjects have the effective drug, treatment, ect. and what have the placebo

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11
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Believing that you are receiving a treatment, while in reality you are not, but either you condition or behavior have changed

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12
Q

Experimental Condition

A

Participants who are exposed to the independent (manipulated) variable

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13
Q

Control Condition

A

Participants who serve as the comparison or the control and have not been introduced to the independent variable

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14
Q

Random Assignment

A

Assigning participants and control groups by chance, minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned groups, used in experimets, not surveys

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15
Q

Independent Variable

A

The experimental factor that is manipulated

16
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The outcome factor, effected by the Independent Variable

17
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent occurring data point

18
Q

Mean

A

Arithmetic Average (sum of all data points divided by the total number of data points) easily skewed by outliers, most commonly used

19
Q

Median

A

The midpoint of all data points (50% of data points are on either side of the midpoint)

20
Q

Range

A

The midpoint between the highest and lowest data point

21
Q

Standard Diviation

A

Useful standard for measuring deviation, uses info from each data point to determine their deviation from the mean

22
Q

Culture

A

Shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next generation

23
Q

Hindsight Bais

A

The “I knew it all along” phenomenon, basically when you see the answer after the fact and it seems so easy (anagram activity)

24
Q

Overconfidence

A

“I was almost right”, a confidence that is hard to dislodge

25
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Smart thinking that examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions

26
Q

Scientific Method

A

Make observations form theories and refine theories

27
Q

Theory

A

Explains through a set of principals that organizes and predicts behaviors or events

28
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable predictions used to test theories

29
Q

Operational Definitions

A

Specific and precise definitions of concepts to allow for replication to check biases

30
Q

Replicate

A

Repeating an obervarion, often with different subjects to strengthen the theory