Chapter 6 outcomes

Question 1

1. Explain why photosynthesis is important to most ecosystems

Answer 1

1. it takes carbon dioxide and in return gives oxygen

Question 2

2. Define and compare autotrophs and heterotrophs, producers and consumers. Discuss the source of all food energy. Specifically address which cells possess only mitochondria, both mitochondria and chlorophyll and neither of these organelles. Compare and contrast the characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 2

1. Autotroph
2. Heterotroph-things that consumer other things to get energy. Rabbit that eats the grass is an example
3. producers-plants that provide food
4. consumers- are the ones that eat the food for example animals and humans
5. sunlight is the source of all energy
6. plants have both the mitochondria and the chlorophyll
7. Chlorophyll-uses light energy to produce energy and mitochondrion is used for cellular respiration and is also used in photosynthesis/

Question 3

3. Explain how the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary to each other and their purposes in plants.

Answer 3

1. photsynthesis creates the glucose and O2

2. cellular respiration takes in 02 and glucose and then releases c02 and glucose

Question 4

4. Write and explain the overall equation for cellular respiration. Be able to identify reactants and products for each process as well as the location of the process.

Answer 4

1. equation for cellular respiration
   - C6H1206+602—6CO2+6H20+32ATP(1 GLUCOSE
2. product is the right side and the reactant is the left
3. This happens in the mitochondrion

Question 5

5. Explain how the processes of oxidation and reduction are used to transfer electrons from food molecules to NADH, the electron transport chain, and oxygen. Explain the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain and the production of ATP.

Answer 5

1. losing electrons
2. how does this apply to NADH?
   - it is the energized form and has an electron which means it gained one, that means NADH has been reduced
3. How is NADH used in the electron transport chain?
   - NADH is going to give its electron to the chain and then cascade (releasin H+ active transport numerous proteins down
   - causing oxidative phosphorilation

Question 6

6. Compare the reactants, products, location in the cell, and energy yield of the four stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, linking step, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain). Explain the process in which oxygen gas is a reactant and explain the specific role of oxygen gas in the metabolic process. Indicate the processes which require the use of enzymes.

Answer 6

1. Glycolosis
   - Atp, glucose, ATP breaks down the cell
   - 2 molecules of 3 carbon
   - pyruvic acid
   - Add another phosphate, those break off, make 2 ATPS per organic molecule, now. Since we used 2 , the outcome is 2 pyruvic.
2. Equation is glucose+2 ATP+2NAD+ +—2Pyruvic acid-2NADH)
3. happens in the cytoplasm

Link step
1. By product is 1 NADH
Equation is (Pyruvic acid+NAD+ + Coenezyme–Acetylcoa+NADH

Citric Acid Cycle Krebs
1. Reactants are Acetylcoa, becomes acitic acid 2C
equation–Acidic Acid+ADP+3NAD+ + FAD —-2C02+ATP+3NADH+FADH2
2. Critic ACid cycle happens in the mitochondria

Question 7

7. Identify the biological molecules which can be used in cellular respiration to harvest energy.

Answer 7

We get energy through

1. Carbs
2. proteins
3. fats

Question 8

8. Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of aerobic metabolism versus anaerobic metabolism (Glycolysis and fermentation) in human cells. Indicate where this process occurs in each type of cell.

Answer 8

1. Entire process of aerobic would be through the 4 stages
2. Fermentation-no oxygen
3. workout-anerobic, then goes to lactic acid.