Chapter 5 outcomes Flashcards
- Define the terms energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, chemical energy and the principle of conservation of energy. Be able to identify examples of energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy. Indicate the location of energy stored in molecules. Be able to identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Describe a reaction that would be classified as exergonic vs endergonic.
- Kinetic-Enery-anything physical Energy- motion related
- potential energy-stored energy, sitting down
- chemical energy- type of —-potential energy and is usually released during a chemical reaction
- conservation of energy-cannot be created or destroyed, moves from one form or another
-Location -stored within bonds
-Reactants-go into
-products are the outcome
-Exergonic- releases heat
-Endergonic-absorbs heat
Examples of both fire burning would exergonic and melting ice would be endergonic
- Explain the relationship between heat and entropy. All chemical reactions share one product; it is __________.
- Heat is another form of kinetic energy and is random and not stable
- Entropy is the measurement of heat of chaos, Heat is what your measuring with Entropy
- All products share heat
- Explain how ATP powers cellular work. Explain how ATP is recycled
-ATP has three phosphate, it breaks one of the three bonds , your left with ADP and inorganic phosphate. It is recycled when another phosphate is put on
- Explain why enzymes are needed in living organisms. Explain the characteristics of enzymes. List the reactions which require enzymes.
- Enzymes are needed because it speeds up the reactions
- lowers the activation energy so it does not require more
- makes it easier for reactions to happen
- Explain how enzymes are able to speed up specific chemical reactions and recognize their role in all chemical reactions in living organisms
Enzymes speed up by lower activation.
- Compare and contrast the different types of transport: diffusion versus osmosis, passive transport versus active transport, endocytosis versus exocytosis. Be able to identify different
- Diffusion-deals with gases, goes from high to low
- passive- does not deal with gases, deals with water/osmosis
- passive-high to low, does it on its own, goes down its concentration gradient.
- Active-low to high and requires enery
- Endocytosis- pinches in
- Excocytosis-pinches out
Examples of Passive transport are, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
white blood cells are engulfed
through endocytosis
What increases the rate of diffusion-higher concentration gradient because it will want to go down it, temp is hotter and the size of the molecules.
- Define hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Explain which of the types of transport (see previous learning outcome) transport hydrophobic substance vs hydrophilic substances. Explain your answer. Indicate the category of biological macromolecules that function as transporters.
- Hydrophilic-likes water
- hydrophobic-scared, likes to push water away
- Type of transport for hydrophobic because is passive because the fatty acid tails of the membrane
- Philic is active transport because it can’t through the membrane by itself
- –The category is protein
- Compare and contrast the terms hypertonic versus hypotonic. Give the context in which these terms would be used and be to identify examples of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions. Explain the type of solution you would give a wilted plant and the reason you would not want to drink ocean water if stranded in the sea.
Hypertonic-Alot
Hypotonic-alot less
Isotonic example-Stay the same because it has equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane
-Hypertonic solutions-solutions has a higher concentration , whatever you put inside it will shrivel, stuff on the inside will come out , in order to equalize the water has to go out, its like drinking ocean water
-Hypotonic-swells up
