Chapter 6: Organelles

Question 1

What is the smallest functional unit of life?

Answer 1

A cell

Question 2

What is cell theory?

Answer 2

All organisms are composed of cells,
All existing cells arise from roe existing cells

Question 3

What is a prion?

Answer 3

A misfolded proteins that spread their misfoldedness; ex: mad cow disease, scrappy and sheep

Question 4

Traits of the prokaryote

Answer 4

Small, no nucleus, plasma membrane and cell wall, flagella or pilli

Question 5

Traits of eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

Complex, plasma membrane, organelles

Question 6

The nucleus is a single membrane

Answer 6

False, its double

Question 7

How is DNA usually preseted?

Answer 7

Chromatin

Question 8

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

Question 9

What can enter through the nuclear pores?

Answer 9

Steroids (they can go directly to the DNA)

Question 10

What is the ednomembrane system?

Answer 10

Rough ER and Smooth ER

Question 11

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 11

Detoxifies chemicals,
synthesizes lipids, steroids
Metabolizes and Stores calcium ions,

Question 12

What does the RER do?

Answer 12

Makes proteins, ones that are imo,anted into the cell membrane

Question 13

What does the golgi do?

Answer 13

It receives products from the Er and modifies it

Question 14

What organelles puts zip codes on proteins telling them where to go? Almost like UPS.

Answer 14

The golgi

Question 15

Which organele contains corrosive enzymes?

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 16

Defective lysosomes can cause what disease?

Answer 16

Tay sachs

Question 17

What do lysosomes do?

Question 18

What chromosome has the defects that causes Tay Sachs?

Answer 18

Chromosome 15, HEXA gene

Question 19

How many forms of Tays exist?

Answer 19

Three
Infantile, junvenile, and adult

Question 20

What is Tay Sachs?

Answer 20

Total neurological breakdown,
Lack of production of HEX A

Question 21

Vacuoles are found all throught the human body

Answer 21

False, only fat cells

Question 22

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

Answer 22

Hold organic substances

Question 23

Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells. T or F

Answer 23

F, all except anarobic protozoans

Question 24

How many membranes do mitochondria’s have?

Answer 24

\double

Question 25

What are cristae?

Answer 25

The infoldings of the inner mitochondria membrane

Question 26

Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What is the intermembrane space? The matrix?

Question 28

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 28

Detoxify Can neutralize hydrogen peroxide Chemically neutralize chemicals

Question 29

What is the difference between detoxification and degradation?

Question 30

Function of microfilaments?

Question 31

Where is actin found in a muscle fiber?

Question 32

What makes up microtubules?

Answer 32

Proteins alpha and beta tubulin

Question 33

What do microtubules do?

Answer 33

Hook on to chromosomes during cell division

Question 34

What is the purpose of intermediate filaments?

Answer 34

Structural support in cells, Found in feet and hands help prevent blisters

Question 35

What are the size of these cellular filaments from largest to smallest?

Question 36

What structures help with movement?

Answer 36

Flagella and cilia

Question 37

What is a centriole?

Answer 37

They make microtubules, located near the nucleus

Question 38

What is a centrosome?

Answer 38

More than one centriole

Question 39

What does a plasmodesmada do? What kind of cell is it in?

Answer 39

They are rapid communication channels between plant cells

Question 40

Where is most collagen found?

Answer 40

The extracellular matrix

Question 41

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 41

Polysaccharides and proteins

Question 42

Where are tight junctions found? Why?

Answer 42

In the stomach, kidneys, to block movement of substances

Question 43

What is occludin?

Answer 43

A protein found in tight junctions that blocks substances from moving thorough tight junctions

Question 44

What do anchoring junctions do?

Answer 44

Also called desmosomes, hold cells together

Question 45

Where are communicating (gap) junctions found? What do they do?

Answer 45

Heart cells and eyes; rapid transport of materials

Question 46

What is connexin?

Answer 46

The protein that creates gap junctions

Question 47

What causes cataracts?

Answer 47

Problems in the connexin