Chapter 6: Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of life?

A

A cell

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2
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of cells,
All existing cells arise from roe existing cells

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3
Q

What is a prion?

A

A misfolded proteins that spread their misfoldedness; ex: mad cow disease, scrappy and sheep

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4
Q

Traits of the prokaryote

A

Small, no nucleus, plasma membrane and cell wall, flagella or pilli

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5
Q

Traits of eukaryotic cell

A

Complex, plasma membrane, organelles

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6
Q

The nucleus is a single membrane

A

False, its double

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7
Q

How is DNA usually preseted?

A

Chromatin

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

A
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9
Q

What can enter through the nuclear pores?

A

Steroids (they can go directly to the DNA)

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10
Q

What is the ednomembrane system?

A

Rough ER and Smooth ER

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11
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Detoxifies chemicals,
synthesizes lipids, steroids
Metabolizes and Stores calcium ions,

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12
Q

What does the RER do?

A

Makes proteins, ones that are imo,anted into the cell membrane

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13
Q

What does the golgi do?

A

It receives products from the Er and modifies it

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14
Q

What organelles puts zip codes on proteins telling them where to go? Almost like UPS.

A

The golgi

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15
Q

Which organele contains corrosive enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

Defective lysosomes can cause what disease?

A

Tay sachs

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17
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A
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18
Q

What chromosome has the defects that causes Tay Sachs?

A

Chromosome 15, HEXA gene

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19
Q

How many forms of Tays exist?

A

Three
Infantile, junvenile, and adult

20
Q

What is Tay Sachs?

A

Total neurological breakdown,
Lack of production of HEX A

21
Q

Vacuoles are found all throught the human body

A

False, only fat cells

22
Q

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

A

Hold organic substances

23
Q

Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells. T or F

A

F, all except anarobic protozoans

24
Q

How many membranes do mitochondria’s have?

A

\double

25
Q

What are cristae?

A

The infoldings of the inner mitochondria membrane

26
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

A

No

27
Q

What is the intermembrane space? The matrix?

A
28
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Detoxify
Can neutralize hydrogen peroxide
Chemically neutralize chemicals

29
Q

What is the difference between detoxification and degradation?

A
30
Q

Function of microfilaments?

A
31
Q

Where is actin found in a muscle fiber?

A
32
Q

What makes up microtubules?

A

Proteins alpha and beta tubulin

33
Q

What do microtubules do?

A

Hook on to chromosomes during cell division

34
Q

What is the purpose of intermediate filaments?

A

Structural support in cells,
Found in feet and hands help prevent blisters

35
Q

What are the size of these cellular filaments from largest to smallest?

A
36
Q

What structures help with movement?

A

Flagella and cilia

37
Q

What is a centriole?

A

They make microtubules, located near the nucleus

38
Q

What is a centrosome?

A

More than one centriole

39
Q

What does a plasmodesmada do? What kind of cell is it in?

A

They are rapid communication channels between plant cells

40
Q

Where is most collagen found?

A

The extracellular matrix

41
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

A

Polysaccharides and proteins

42
Q

Where are tight junctions found? Why?

A

In the stomach, kidneys, to block movement of substances

43
Q

What is occludin?

A

A protein found in tight junctions that blocks substances from moving thorough tight junctions

44
Q

What do anchoring junctions do?

A

Also called desmosomes, hold cells together

45
Q

Where are communicating (gap) junctions found? What do they do?

A

Heart cells and eyes; rapid transport of materials

46
Q

What is connexin?

A

The protein that creates gap junctions

47
Q

What causes cataracts?

A

Problems in the connexin