Chapter 5: Macromolecules

Question 1

Carbohydrates are ______

Answer 1

Sugars

Question 2

Carbohydrates are made of…

Answer 2

C, H, and O

Question 3

Lipids are made of

Answer 3

C, H

Question 4

When fats are destroyed in the body sometimes …. Can develop

Answer 4

Multiple sclerosis

Question 5

What are the types of fats?

Answer 5

Steroids, fatty acids, and phospholipids

Question 6

Which fat has a double bond and is liquid at room temperature?

Answer 6

Unsaturated fats

Question 7

Which fat only has single bonds and is solid at room temperature?

Answer 7

Saturated fat

Question 8

Proteins account for more than … percent of cell dry weight

Answer 8

50

Question 9

Enzymes are …

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

Proteins (amino acids) are made of

Answer 10

C, H, O, N

Question 11

What is an essential protein?

Answer 11

Protein we must get from food because we cannot synthesize it

Question 12

How many amino acids are there? How many are essential?

Answer 12

20; 9

Question 13

In proteins, function depends of its … and …

Answer 13

Its chemical structure and unique 3D shape

Question 14

What are the parts of an amino acid?

Answer 14

Amino group, carboxyl group, R side chain, central carbon, hydrogen

Question 15

All but on amino acids are …

Answer 15

Enantiomers

Question 16

What identifies each amino acid?

Answer 16

The r group

Question 17

Whcih amino acid does notnhave an enantiomer?

Answer 17

Glycine

Question 18

What kind of bond holds an amino acid together?

Answer 18

Condensation synthesis which creates a peptide bond

Question 19

What level of structure do all proteins have?

Answer 19

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 20

The secondary level of protein is held together by…

Answer 20

Hydrogen bonds

Question 21

What structures make up the secondary level?

Answer 21

Alpha helix and beta pleated

Question 22

Multiple sclerosis

Question 23

What holds together the tertiary structure?

Answer 23

R groups

Question 24

What level of protein folding creates active sites?

Answer 24

Tertiary

Question 25

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 25

Number 6 proteins turns glutamic acid into valine and causes hemoglobin to fold wrong; red blood cells become misshaped

Question 26

What chromosome is sickle cell on?

Answer 26

Chromosome 11

Question 27

What do chaperonins do?

Answer 27

They are a protein organelle that help other proteins fold?

Question 28

Heat shock chaperonin proteins help stabilize the body when it is hot outside

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Things that can cause denaturation

Answer 29

Heat, wrong pH, chemicals, salt

Question 30

If the primary structure binds are broken, it can be fixed

Answer 30

False, those proteins cannot be saved

Question 31

Enzymes are…

Answer 31

Proteins that are catalysts

Question 32

Nucleic acids are…

Answer 32

CHONP, P= PO4

Question 33

What is used for protein synthesis?

Answer 33

DNA, but it is carried outside the nucleus by RNA

Question 34

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 34

Nitrogenous base (ATGC), Pentose, (5 carbon sugar), phosphate group,

Question 35

A pairs with…

Answer 35

T

Question 36

C pairs with..

Answer 36

G

Question 37

Purines are…

Answer 37

A and G

Question 38

Pyrimidines are…

Answer 38

C, T, and U

Question 39

Purines are…, which pyrimidines are…

Answer 39

Double ringed, single ringed

Question 40

What sugar does RNA have? DNA?

Answer 40

R sugar; D sugar

Question 41

How are base pairs bonded?

Answer 41

H bonds

Question 42

What is the ratio of CHO in carbohydrates?

Answer 42

1:2:1

Question 43

Glucose is a polysaccharide. T or F

Answer 43

F, it is a monosaccharide

Question 44

Galactose , glucose, and fructose

Answer 44

Are isotopes, same chemical formala but differ structurally and chemically

Question 45

What is an aldose sugar?

Answer 45

A sugar with an aldehyde group

Question 46

What is a ketose group?

Answer 46

A sugar with a ketone functional group

Question 47

Where is the carbonyl group in a aldose sugar? Ketose?

Answer 47

End; middle

Question 48

In aqueous solutions, monosaccharides are..

Answer 48

Ring shaped

Question 49

What bonds holds monosaccharides together?

Answer 49

Glycosydic bonds after dehydration synthesis

Question 50

Sucrose is

Answer 50

Glucose and fructose (most common disaccharide)

Question 51

Lactose is

Answer 51

Glucose and galactose

Question 52

Maltose is,

Answer 52

Glucose and glucose

Question 53

Types of polysaccharides

Answer 53

Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin

Question 54

How do plants store sugar?

Answer 54

In the form of starch

Question 55

Where is starch (excess glucose) stored in plants?

Answer 55

In the roots and seeds

Question 56

What protein in saliva catalysed starch?

Answer 56

Amylase

Question 57

Unbranched glucose vs branched amylopectin

Answer 57

1-4 a,alpha linkages vs 1-6 alpha linkages

Question 58

How is glucose stored in humans?

Answer 58

As glycogen (branched)

Question 59

Where is glycogen stored in the human body?

Answer 59

Liver and muscle cells

Question 60

Glycogenolysis

Question 61

Cellulose comprises what part of what kind of cell?

Answer 61

Plant cell wall

Question 62

Cellulose purpose

Answer 62

Structural support

Question 63

Can humans breakdown cellulose?

Answer 63

No, but cows can moooo

Question 64

Chitin can be found in…

Answer 64

The exoskeleton of certain bugs and the cell wall of fungi

Question 65

What special element does chitin contain?

Answer 65

Nitrogen

Question 66

What kind of fat has more hydrogen and why?

Answer 66

Saturated

Question 67

What causes alzheimers

Question 68

What doe the nucleolus do?

Answer 68

It creates ribosomal RNA (NOTTTT the ribosome itself)